Slower progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with external application of a Chinese herbal plaster–The randomized, placebo-controlled triple-blinded ALS-CHEPLA trial
外用中藥膏減緩肌萎縮性嵴髓側索硬化症的進展 - 隨機,安慰劑對照三盲 ALS-CHEPLA 試驗
Sven Schröder
1HanseMerkur Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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1,†, Mingzhe Wang
Mingzhe Wang
2Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2,†, Dandan Sima
Dandan Sima
2Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2,†, Joana Schröder
Joana Schröder
1HanseMerkur Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
2Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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1,2, Xuying Zhu
Xuying Zhu
2Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2, Xuanlu Zheng
Xuanlu Zheng
2Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2, Lin Liu
Lin Liu
2Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
3Department of Neurology, Qinghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xining, Qinghai, China
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2,3, Tingying Li
Tingying Li
2Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2, Qiudong Wang
Qiudong Wang
4Department of Integrative Neurology, Pudong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Thomas Friedemann
1HanseMerkur Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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1,*,‡, Te Liu
Te Liu
5Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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5,*,‡, Weidong Pan
Weidong Pan
2Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2,*,‡
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版權和許可 訊息1HanseMerkur Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
2Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
3Department of Neurology, Qinghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xining, Qinghai, China
4Department of Integrative Neurology, Pudong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China
5Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
Edited by: Jens Schmidt, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
Reviewed by: Felipe Patricio, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico; Ruben Van Eijk, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands
✉
*Correspondence: Weidong Pan panwd@medmail.com.cn
*
Thomas Friedemann Friedemann@tcm-am-uke.de
*
Te Liu liute1979@126.com
This article was submitted to Neuromuscular Disorders and Peripheral Neuropathies, a section of the journal Frontiers in Neurology
†These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship
‡These authors have contributed equally to this work and share senior authorship
Received 2022 Jul 10; Accepted 2022 Sep 13; Collection date 2022.
Copyright © 2022 Schröder, Wang, Sima, Schröder, Zhu, Zheng, Liu, Li, Wang, Friedemann, Liu and Pan.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
PMCID: PMC9620479 PMID: 36324375
Abstract摘要
Background
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by gradually increasing damage to the upper and lower motor neurons. However, definitive and efficacious treatment for ALS is not available, and oral intake in ALS patients with bulbar involvement is complicated due to swallowing difficulties.
肌萎縮性嵴髓側索硬化症 (ALS) 是一種慢性神經退行性疾病擁有屬性,逐漸增加對上、下運動神經元的損害。然而,目前還沒有明確有效的治療 ALS 的方法,而且由於吞嚥困難,ALS 球部受累患者的口服攝入量是複雜的。Hypothesis/purpose假設 / 目的
This study investigated whether the external plaster application of the herbal composition Ji-Wu-Li efficiently slows ALS progression because prior studies obtained promising evidence with oral herbal applications.
這項研究調查是否外用石膏的草藥組合物冀五里有效地減緩 ALS 的進展,因為先前的研究獲得了有希望的證據與口服草藥的應用。Study design
The randomized, triple-blinded study compared the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the application of Ji-Wu-Li plaster (JWLP) with placebo plaster (PLAP).
本研究採用隨機、三盲對照的方法,比較了雞五理石膏 (JWLP) 與安慰劑石膏 (PLAP) 的療效、安全性和耐受性。Methods
In total, 120 patients with definite ALS, clinically probable ALS, or clinically probable laboratory-supported ALS were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive JWLP or PLAP. Patients were treated and observed for 20 weeks. The primary outcome was the ALSFRS-R score, while the secondary outcomes were the ALS-SSIT score and weight loss.
共有 120 名患有確定性 ALS、臨床可能性 ALS 或臨床可能性實驗室支援的 ALS 的患者以 1:1 的比例隨機接受 JWLP 或 PLAP 治療。對患者進行為期 20 週的治療和觀察。主要結果為 ALSFRS-R 評分,次要結果為 ALS-SSIT 評分和體重減輕。Results結果
The mean±SD decrease in the ALSFRS-R over 20 weeks differed by 0.84 points in a group comparison (JWLP, −4.44 ± 1.15; PLAP, −5.28 ± 1.98; p = 0.005). The mean increase in the ALS-SSIT over 20 weeks differed by 2.7 points in a group comparison (JWLP, 5.361.15; PLAP, 8.06 ± 1.72; p < 0.001). The mean weight loss over 20 weeks differed by 1.65 kg in a group comparison (JWLP, −3.98 ± 2.61; PLAP, −5.63 ± 3.17; p = 0.002). Local allergic dermatitis suspected as causal to the intervention occurred in 10 of 60 participants in the JWLP group and 9 of 60 participants in the PLAP group. Systemic adverse events were mild, temporary, and considered unrelated to the intervention.
在組比較中,20 週內 ALSFRS-R 的平均值 ± SD 降低差異為 0.84 分 (JWLP,-4.44 ± 1.15; PLAP,-5.28 ± 1.98; p = 0.005)。ALS-SSIT 在 20 週內的平均增加在組比較中差異為 2.7 分 (JWLP,5.361.15; PLAP,8.06 ± 1.72; p < 0.001)。在組比較中,20 週以上的平均體重減輕差異為 1.65 kg (JWLP,-3.98 ± 2.61; PLAP,-5.63 ± 3.17; p = 0.002)。在 JWLP 組的 60 名參與者中有 10 名和 PLAP 組的 60 名參與者中有 9 名被懷疑是當地異位性皮膚炎干預的原因。全身不良事件是輕微的,暫時的,被認為與干預無關。Conclusion結論
The JWLP showed clinical efficacy in the progression of ALS, as measured by the ALSFRS-R, ALS-SSIT, and weight loss in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Because skin reactions occurred in both groups, the covering material needs improvement. All of the Ji Wu Li herbal ingredients regulate multiple mechanisms of neurodegeneration in ALS. Hence, JWLP may offer a promising and safe add-on therapy for ALS, particularly in patients with bulbar involvement, but a confirmative long-term multicentre study is required.
在一項隨機安慰劑對照試驗中,JWLP 顯示了 ALS 進展中的臨床療效,通過 ALSFRS-R,ALS-SSIT 和體重減輕來衡量。因為兩組皮膚都有反應,所以需要改善覆蓋材料。所有集五里草藥成分都調節肌萎縮性側索硬化症的多種神經退行性疾病機制。因此,JWLP 可能提供一個有希望的和安全的治療 ALS 的附加療法,特別是在球部受累的患者,但是一個確認的長期多中心研究是必要的。Keywords: sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, RTC, placebo control, herbal plaster, Traditional Chinese Medicine, dysphagia
關鍵詞: 散發性肌萎縮性嵴髓側索硬化症、隨機對照試驗、安慰劑對照、草藥膏、中藥、吞嚥困難Introduction簡介
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that gradually results in increased damage to the upper and lower motor neurons (1). Its general characteristics include muscle weakness/atrophy in the oropharynx, limbs, or back muscles, dysarthria, dysphagia, eating difficulty, a choking cough, and dyspnoea (2). These features gravely affect the quality of life and may lead to respiratory failure within 3–5 years from disease onset (3, 4).
肌萎縮性嵴髓側索硬化症 (ALS) 是一種慢性神經退行性疾病,會逐漸增加對上、下運動神經元的損傷 ( 1 )。其一般特徵包括口咽,四肢或背部肌肉的肌肉無力 / 萎縮,構音障礙,吞嚥困難,進食困難,窒息性咳嗽和呼吸困難 ( 2 )。這些特徵嚴重影響生活質量,並可能導致發病後 3-5 年內出現唿吸衰竭 ( 3 , 4 )。The pathophysiology of ALS is multifactorial and includes glutamate excitotoxicity (5), neuroinflammation (6), oxidative stress (7, 8), and protein aggregation (9, 10), which lead to mitochondrial dysfunction (8, 11) and apoptosis (12). Axonal transport dysfunction ultimately induces muscle atrophy (13). There is no definitive and efficacious treatment for ALS. The only established drug, riluzole, is mainly effective in the late stages of ALS (14). Moreover, due to adverse events, riluzole discontinuation is necessary for more than 20% of patients (15). Another potential treatment, edaravone, has not been approved in many countries and can only be applied intravenously; it has recently been determined to be ineffective (16). These medications are not reimbursed by insurance in many health systems worldwide.
ALS 的病理生理機制是多因素的,包括谷氨酸興奮毒性 ( 5 )、神經炎症 ( 6 )、氧化應激 ( 7 , 8 ) 和蛋白質聚集 ( 9 , 10 ) ,導致線粒體功能障礙 ( 8 , 11 ) 和細胞凋亡 ( 12 )。軸突運輸功能障礙最終導致肌肉萎縮 ( 13 )。目前還沒有明確和有效的治療 ALS。唯一建立的藥物,利魯唑,主要是有效的晚期 ALS ( 14 )。此外,由於不良事件,利魯唑停藥是必要的超過 20% 的患者 ( 15 )。另一種潛在的治療方法,依達拉奉,在許多國家尚未得到批准,只能通過靜脈注射使用;它最近被確定為無效 ( 16 )。在全世界許多衛生系統中,這些藥物沒有得到保險報銷。Hence, inexpensive curative or symptomatic therapies with few adverse effects must be identified. Asian research groups have evaluated herbal medicines derived from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in animal models of ALS (17). Although the concept of ALS does not exist in TCM, a similar syndrome called “flaccidity syndrome, limpness–or atrophy syndrome” was described in the oldest medicinal book, Huangdi Neijing, in the context of tissue and substance loss (in TCM terms, called “Yin deficiency”) (18). Modern Chinese approaches recommend herbal drugs for ALS that are considered to have tonifying and strengthening properties (19–23).
因此,必須確定具有少量不良反應的廉價的治療或對症治療。亞洲研究小組已經在 ALS ( 17 ) 的動物模型中評估了源自中醫的草藥。儘管 ALS 的概念在中醫中不存在,但在最古老的藥典《黃帝內經》中,在組織和物質喪失 (中醫術語稱為 “陰虛”)( 18 ) 的背景下,描述了一種類似的稱為 “軟化綜合徵,跛行或萎縮綜合徵” 的綜合徵。現代中國方法推薦治療 ALS 的草藥被認為具有補益和強化的 屬性 ( 19 - 23 )。A prior randomized clinical trial applied this concept with the oral administration of the formulation Jia Wei Si Jun-Zi Tang and found a slowing of the symptom progression of ALS in comparison to riluzole (23). The similar augmented herbal formula Ji Wu Li is a modern formula that has its basis on the classical TCM formula Si Jun Zi from the 12th century (24) and adds four herbs (Astragali Radix, Rhodiola Rosea Radix, Cistanche Radix Herba, Epimedii Herba, Table 1).
先前的一項隨機臨床試驗將這一概念應用於加味四君子湯口服給藥,發現與利魯唑 ( 23 ) 相比,ALS 的症狀進展緩慢。類似的補藥方劑冀五里是以 12 世紀中醫經典方劑四君子 ( 24 ) 為基礎,加入黃芪、紅景天、肉蓯蓉、淫羊藿、 Table 1 的現代方劑。Table 1.表 1。
Herbal ingredients of the Ji Wu li Plaster.
Herbs Botanical name Family Harvesting season Processing處理 Ginseng Radix (人蔘) Root of Panax Jinseng C.A.Mey. Araliceae Any season Dried by sunlight, its head is removed and sliced before use. 在陽光下曬乾,在使用前將其頭部切除。 Astragali Radix (黃耆) Root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge var mongholicus (Hung) Hsiao 黃芪根 Leguminosae Spring and Autumn春秋 Sliced and dried with the removal of the head and fine roots 去頭和細根,切片乾燥 Cistanchis Radix Herba (肉蓯蓉) Fleshy stem of Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma Orobanchaceae Spring Cleaned and cut into thick pieces without inflorescence 清洗後切成厚片,無花序 Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (白術) Rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. 白術根莖。 Compositae Winter Processed by slicing and drying, it is stir-baked until a burnt color is achieved. 通過切片和乾燥處理,它是攪拌烘烤,直到達到燃燒的顏色。 Poria cocos孔雀椰 (茯苓) Sclerotium of poria cocos (schw) Wolf Polyporaceae多孔科 From July to September 從七月到九月 Piled repeatedly, dried in the sun. 反覆堆放,在陽光下曬乾。 Glycyrrhizae Radix (甘草) Root of Glycyrrhiza uraleusis Fisch Leguminosae Autumn Applied crudely with honey for use after being processed by removing the root, slicing, and drying 加入蜂蜜,經過去根、切片、乾燥處理後使用 Rhodiola Rosea Radix (紅景天) Root of Rhodiola rosea L. Crassulaceae Autumn Cleaned and cut into thick pieces without inflorescence 清洗後切成厚片,無花序 Epimedii Herba (淫羊藿) Branch and leaf of Epimedium sogittaum (Sieb. Et Zucc.) Maxim. Berberidaceae Spring and Autumn春秋 Dried after removal of the stem and other undesired parts. It is used roasted with sheep fat. 去除干莖和其他不需要的部分後烘乾。用於烤羊脂肪。 However, the oral intake of TCM formulations is complicated in patients with dysphagia because herbal extracts require a larger oral intake than concentrated single-component western drugs. Our ALS study team focused on external herbal medicine in the search for a better application method.
然而,中藥製劑的口服攝入是複雜的患者吞嚥困難,因為草藥提取物需要更大的口服攝入比濃縮單一成分的西藥。我們的 ALS 研究小組集中研究外用中草藥,尋找更好的應用方法。The external application of Chinese herbs has a long tradition. Since the fourth century, every TCM therapy book has included a chapter on external herbal therapy (25). Modern application forms for transdermal drug delivery include hot-melt adhesive plasters, which allow drug application directly to the skin (26). Mechanisms of external application of herbs include transdermal micro- and macro absorption, local increment of microcirculation, and adjustment of the neural-endocrine-immune network (27). In general, transdermal application reaches comparable efficacy to oral-dosage forms. However, the transdermal application has advantages because transdermal administration avoids the first-pass effect of metabolism associated with the oral route with improved bioavailability. Transdermal administration allows prolonged release, improving patient adherence and minimizing adverse effects due to lower drug peak concentrations (28, 29).
中草藥的外用有著悠久的傳統。自從四世紀以來,每一本中醫治療書籍都包括一章關於外部草藥治療 ( 25 )。經皮給藥的現代應用形式包括熱熔粘合膏,它允許藥物直接應用於皮膚 ( 26 )。藥物外用的機制包括經皮微觀和宏觀吸收,局部增加微循環,調節神經 - 內分泌 - 免疫網路 ( 27 )。一般來說,透皮應用達到與口服劑型相當的效果。然而,經皮給藥具有優勢,因為經皮給藥可以避免與口服途徑相關的代謝的首過效應,從而提高生物利用度。透皮給藥允許延長釋放,改善患者的依從性,並最大限度地減少由於較低的藥物峰值濃度 ( 28 , 29 ) 的副作用。Hence, we hypothesized that the external application of herbal medicine could have similar promising effects on the progress of ALS as in the oral application form (23). Furthermore, the advantages of the external application (28, 29) could especially become relevant in ALS patients with bulbar involvement. Accordingly, we performed the present placebo-controlled, randomized, triple-blinded ALS-CHEPLA (ALS-Chinese HErbal PLAster) trial. The study aimed to compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the herbal composition Ji-Wu-Li when applied as a plaster (JWLP, Table 1) and placebo plaster (PLAP) in ALS patients. The primary outcome was the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) score, a self-reported instrument used to quantify the function of an individual with ALS as the disease progresses. It consists of questions covering gross motor, fine motor, oral motor, and respiratory function and shows good reliability and construct validity (30).
因此,我們假設中草藥的外用對肌萎縮側索硬化症的進展可能具有類似於口服應用形式 ( 23 ) 的有希望的效果。此外,外敷的優點 ( 28 , 29 ) 可能特別適用於 ALS 患者的球部受累。因此,我們進行了目前的安慰劑對照,隨機,三盲 ALS-CHEPLA (ALS 中藥膏劑) 試驗。本研究旨在比較急性肌萎縮側索硬化 (ALS) 患者中藥複方吉烏力 (JWLP, Table 1 ) 和安慰劑石膏 (PLAP) 的療效、安全性和耐受性。主要結果是肌萎縮性嵴髓側索硬化症評定量表 (ALsFRS-R) 評分,這是一種自我報告的工具,用於量化 ALS 患者在疾病進展過程中的功能。問卷包括大運動、精細運動、口腔運動、呼吸功能等問題,具有良好的信度和結構效度 ( 30 )。Materials and methods材料和方法
Ethical approval of the study protocol
研究方案的倫理批准
The Ethics Committee (Vote No.: KY-SHSG-2018-540) of Shuguang Hospital, affiliated with the Shanghai University of TCM, approved the study protocol. The study (trial registration number ChiCTR200037353) adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki of 1964 and its later amendments. The full trial protocol can be requested by email from the corresponding author. All patients gave their written informed consent to participate in the study and for data publication.
上海中醫藥大學附屬的 Shuguang Hospital 倫理委員會 (投票號碼: KY-SHSG-2018-540) 批准了該研究方案。這項研究 (試驗註冊號為 ChiCTr200037353) 遵循了 1964 年的赫爾辛基宣言及其後來的修訂。完整的試驗方案可以通過電子郵件從相應的作者要求。所有患者都書面知情同意參加研究並行表資料。Study design
This single-center, controlled, patient- and observer-blinded, parallel-group randomized trial was conducted at the Department of Neurology within Shuguang Hospital, a specialized center for motor neuron diseases. Interested individuals older than 18 with definite or probable ALS were checked for participation eligibility. Forced vital capacity (FVC) was measured at baseline. In addition, a neurologist obtained a detailed medical history and conducted a neurological examination at baseline and weeks 4, 8, 16, and 20.
這項單中心、對照、患者和觀察者雙盲、平行組的隨機試驗是在曙光醫院神經內科進行的,曙光醫院是運動神經元疾病的專業中心。對年齡在 18 歲以上的確診或可能患有肌萎縮側索硬化症的感興趣個體進行參與資格檢查。用力肺活量 (FVC) 在基線測量。此外,一位神經科醫生獲得了詳細的病史,並在基線和第 4、8、16 和 20 週進行了神經系統檢查檢查。Inclusion criteria
According to revised El Escorial criteria, patients with clinically definite ALS, clinically probable ALS, or clinically probable laboratory-supported ALS were eligible for inclusion (31).
根據修訂後的 El Escorial 標準,臨床確定的 ALS、臨床可能的 ALS 或臨床可能的實驗室支援的 ALS 患者有資格納入 ( 31 )。Exclusion criteria
We excluded patients with (i) an FVC < 30%; (ii) signs of a significant psychiatric disorder and/or dementia, acute cholecystitis, or bile duct occlusion; (iii) a concomitant condition considered likely to interfere with drug adherence and outcome assessment; (iv) pregnancy; (v) short expected survival due to disease progression; and (vi) participation in other clinical trials.
我們排除了 (i) FVC <30% 的患者;(ii) 顯著的精神病和 / 或痴呆,急性膽囊炎或膽管閉塞的跡象;(iii) 被認為可能干擾藥物依從性和結果評估的伴隨病症;(iv) 妊娠;(v) 由於疾病進展而短期預期存活;和 (vi) 參與其他臨床試驗。Recruitment, randomization, and masking
In total, 138 ALS patients were recruited and checked for eligibility; 120 met the inclusion criteria. Immediately after participants gave their written informed consent and before any study-related procedures were undertaken, site staff obtained a participant identification code. Eligible participants were randomly assigned following stratified randomization procedures (computerized random numbers, Microsoft Excel, 2016) at a 1:1 ratio to receive the JWLP (n = 60) or PLAP (n = 60). Randomization was stratified by sex (yes or no); there was no stratification of patients according to disease onset, age, or respiratory function.
總共招募了 138 名 ALS 患者並對其資格進行了檢查,其中 120 名符合納入標準。在參與者書面知情同意之後,在進行任何與研究有關的 程式之前,現場工作人員立即獲得了參與者識別程式碼。符合條件的參與者按照分層隨機化 程式 (電腦化隨機數字,Microsoft Excel,2016) 以 1:1 的比例隨機分配接受 JWLP (n = 60) 或 PLAP (n = 60)。隨機分組按性別 (是或否) 進行分層,沒有根據疾病發作、年齡或呼吸功能對患者進行分層。An independent randomization center performed the randomization. They informed the study nurse about the number printed beforehand on the study medication batch, which was then connected to the participant's identification code. To achieve masking of random assignments, PLAP was matched to JWLP by appearance and packaging. Clinicians arranged patient treatment according to the participants' identification codes. The study drug was dispensed at baseline and as needed at study visits. Participants, their families, investigators, site staff, the steering committee, and anyone involved in outcome assessments were masked by these identification codes and randomization.
一個獨立的隨機化中心進行了隨機化。他們將預先列印在研究藥物批次上的號碼通知給研究護士,然後將號碼連接到參與者的識別碼上。為了實現隨機分配的掩蔽,PLAP 通過外觀和封裝與 JWLP 進行 對應。臨床醫生根據參與者的識別碼安排患者治療。研究藥物在基線和研究訪視需要時分配。參與者、他們的家人、調查人員、現場工作人員、指導委員會以及任何參與結果評估的人都被這些識別程式碼和隨機性所掩蓋。Herbal and placebo preparation
草藥和安慰劑製劑
The JWLP contained 32 g of herbs (Ginseng Radix, Astragalus Radix, Cistanche deserticola Herba, Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma, Poria cocos, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Rhodiola rosea Radix, and Epimedii Herba) in a ratio of 2:6:3:2:2:2:2:2. Table 1 describes the botanical name, plant family, part of the plant, harvesting season, and processing methods. The purified raw herbs were crushed and sieved with an 80-mesh sieve. The materials were mixed with 12-g melt adhesive material [including Styrene-isoprene-styrene tertiary block copolymer (35–50%), Styrene-butadiene-styrene tertiary block copolymer (0–5%), naphthenic hydroxyl-based petroleum fractions (softener, 15–20%), C-5, cyclopentadiene and m-pentadiene (Tackifier 1, 30–40%) and esters formed by the reaction of resin acids with glycerol and pentaerythritol (Tackifier 2, 10–20%)]. To complete the plaster, we covered the self-adhesive patch with a layer of heating particles containing iron powder, salt, and activated carbon. Each plaster weighed about 100 g, including 32 g of herbs, 12 g of melt adhesive material, and 52 g of heating particles. Removal of the sealed cover paper activated the heating particles via contact with air; the particles were not in direct contact with the skin. The particles reached 60°C within 20 min and maintained that temperature for at least 5 h.
JWLP 含有 32 克草藥 (人參、黃芪、肉蓯蓉、白術、茯苓、甘草、紅景天和淫羊藿) ,比例為 2:6:3:2:2:2:2:2:2。 Table 1 描述植物學名稱、植物科、植物的一部分、收穫季節和加工方法。將提純的原料藥粉碎,用 80 目篩過篩。該材料與 12g 熔體粘合材料 (包括苯乙烯 - 異戊二烯 - 苯乙烯三元嵌段共聚物 (35-50%)、苯乙烯 - 丁二烯 - 苯乙烯三元嵌段共聚物 (0-5%)、環烷羥基石油餾分 (軟化劑,15-20%)、 C-5、環戊二烯和間戊二烯 (增粘劑 1,30-40%) 以及樹脂酸與甘油和季戊四醇 (增粘劑 2,10-20%) 反應生成的酯類) 混合。為了完成石膏,我們在自貼上貼片上覆蓋了一層含有鐵粉、鹽和活性炭的加熱顆粒。每塊石膏重約 100 克,其中包括 32 克草藥、12 克熔融粘合材料和 52 克加熱顆粒。去除密封的封面紙通過與空氣接觸啟動了發熱顆粒;這些顆粒與皮膚沒有直接接觸。顆粒在 20 分鐘內達到 60 °C,並保持溫度至少 5 小時。The PLAP was prepared similarly (according to HSFA GB2760-2007, CFDA 2006, No. 120). However, a placebo (23 g soybean powder, 23 g starch, 1 g amaranth red, and 1 g carbon black pigment) replaced the herbal material. The shape, color, weight, and heat function of the PLAP were the same as those of the JWLP, and the plasters and packaging were indistinguishable. Figure 1 shows the different layers of the plaster.
PLAP 的製備方法類似 (根據 HSFA GB2760-2007,CFDA 2006,No. 120)。然而,安慰劑 (23 克大豆粉,23 克澱粉,1 克莧菜紅,1 克碳黑色素) 取代了草藥材料。PLAP 的形狀、顏色、重量和熱功能與 JWLP 相同,石膏和包裝無法區分。 Figure 1 顯示石膏的不同層次。Figure 1.
The layers of the Ji-Wu-Li plaster and the placebo.
紀五理石膏的層次與安慰劑。Application of the JWLP and PLAP
JWLP 和 PLAP 的應用
In the JWLP and PLAP groups, the rectangular 90 × 135-mm plaster was placed on the patient's back in the midline in the depression below the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra. Figure 2 demonstrates the plaster position on a patient. The plaster remained in place for 6 h on 6 consecutive days, followed by 1 day of rest to reduce the skin reaction before another cycle of plaster application. The patients continued their regular medical treatment; any treatment changes had to be reported, and no change to a possibly disease-altering therapy was allowed. The description of the quality certificates of the materials of the herbs can be found in the Supplementary material.
在 JWLP 組和 PLAP 組中,將長方形 90 × 135mm 石膏放置在患者背部第七頸椎棘突下方的中線凹陷處。 Figure 2 演示病人的石膏位置。石膏連續 6 天放置 6 小時,然後休息 1 天,以減少皮膚反應,然後再進行一個週期的石膏應用。患者繼續他們的常規治療;任何治療變化必須報告,不允許改變可能的疾病改變治療。草藥材料的質量證書描述可以在 Supplementary material 中找到。Figure 2.
Positioning of the JWLP and the PLAP in an ALS patient.
肌萎縮側索硬化患者 JWLP 和 PLAP 的定位。Primary outcome
The primary outcome was the ALSFRS-R (30). The minimum score is 0, and the maximum is 48. The lower the score, the more function is affected. A clinical neurologist assessed ALSFRS-R by interviewing the patient at baseline and weeks 4, 8, 16, and 20. The prespecified primary endpoint was 20 weeks from the baseline assessment.
主要結果是 ALSFRS-R ( 30 )。最低分是 0,最高分是 48。分數越低,受影響的功能越多。臨床神經科醫師通過在基線和第 4、8、16 和 20 週訪談患者來評估 ALSFRS-R。預先設定的主要終點為基線評估後 20 週。Secondary outcomes
The recently introduced ALS-SSIT (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Symptom Score in Integrative Treatments) is a clinical score reflecting the quality of life. The higher the score (a maximum score of 40), the more severe the impairment. The ALS-SSIT score has recently been validated to reflect the change in disease severity (32). A clinical neurologist assessed ALS-SSIT by interviewing the patient at baseline and weeks 4, 8, 16, and 20. A study nurse documented the participants' weight with a calibrated scale at each visit at baseline and weeks 4, 8, 16, and 20. Red blood cell count, biochemistry, kidney/liver function, and electrocardiography were assessed at baseline and trial cessation. Safety was evaluated as the prevalence and severity of adverse events and their relationship with the treatment were determined based on the results of laboratory tests, patient reports, and the judgement of the principal investigator.
最近推出的 ALS-SSIT (綜合治療中的肌萎縮性嵴髓側索硬化症症狀評分) 是反映生活質量的臨床評分。分數越高 (最高分為 40 分) ,損害越嚴重。ALS-SSIT 評分最近得到驗證,以反映疾病嚴重程度的變化 ( 32 )。臨床神經科醫師通過在基線和第 4、8、16 和 20 週訪談患者來評估 ALS-SSIT。一名研究護士在基線和第 4、8、16 和 20 週的每次訪視中用校準的體重表記錄參與者的體重。在基線和試驗停止時評估紅細胞計數、生化、腎 / 肝功能和心電掃描器。根據實驗室檢測結果、患者報告和學術帶頭人的判斷,評估不良事件的發生率和嚴重程度以及它們與治療的關係是否安全。Sample size樣本大小
The sample size was calculated for a two-sided t-test comparing the difference between two independent means using a 1:1 allocation, an alpha of 0.05, and a power of 0.8. An effect size of 0.52 was calculated based on a previous study (TCM group 3.8 ± 4.9 and control group 7.3 ± 8.2) (23). GPower 3.1.9.4 was used for the sample size calculation. The results revealed that 120 patients were needed, 60 in the control group and 60 in the treatment group.
樣本量用雙側 t 檢驗計算,比較兩個獨立平均值之間的差異,使用 1:1 分配,alpha 為 0.05,冪為 0.8。根據以前的研究 (TCM 組 3.8 ± 4.9 和對照組 7.3.8.2)( 23 ) 計算效應大小為 0.52。G 冪 3.1.9.4 用於樣本大小計算。結果顯示,需要 120 例患者,對照組 60 例,治療組 60 例。Statistical analysis
Statistical analysis followed the intention-to-treat principle. All randomized participants were analyzed. To have an unbiased analysis, we used a complete data set for the primary analysis [JWLP (n = 60), PLAP (n = 60)]. Imputation of missing data followed an individualized decision based on predictive parameters for the missing cases. The ALSRFS-R progression rate (ΔFS' = 48–Total ALSFRS–R score at the assessment on test date/Time from onset of symptoms to assessment on test date) (33) was used to calculate the missing values by carrying the last observed progression rate forward.
統計分析遵循意向性治療原則。所有隨機參與者進行分析。為了進行無偏分析,我們使用了完整的資料集進行初步分析 [JWLP (n = 60) ,PLAP (n = 60)]。缺失資料的填補遵循基於缺失案例預測參數的個性化決策。使用 ALSRFS-R 進展率 (ΔFS’= 48 - 總 ALSFRS-R 評分在測試日期 / 從症狀發作到測試日期評估的時間)( 33 ) 通過攜帶最後觀察到的進展速率來計算缺失值。Repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to test the differences among changes in outcomes at baseline and 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks of treatment for both groups. In addition, differences at baseline and the delta from baseline to endpoint between the JWLP and PLAP were analyzed using the Student's t-test. p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. SPSS 17.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical analyses. Data are reported as the mean ± standard deviation.
重複測量方差分析用於測試兩組在基線和 4、8、12、16 和 20 週治療後結果變化的差異。此外,使用學生 t 檢驗分析了 JWLP 和 PLAP 在基線和基線到終點之間的差異。P 值 <0.05 被認為是顯著的。使用 SPSS 17.0 (IBM,Armonk) 進行統計分析。資料以平均值 ± 標準差表示。Results結果
Figure 3 shows the CONSORT flowchart. Between July 2017 and November 2021, 138 consecutive patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 11 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria or because they met an exclusion criterion. Of the remaining 127 patients, 120 were enrolled in the trial; seven patients declined to participate.
Figure 3 顯示 CONSORT 流程圖。在 2017 年 7 月至 2021 年 11 月期間,連續 138 名患者接受了資格篩查,其中 11 名因為不符合納入標準或因為符合排除標準而被排除在外。其餘 127 名患者中,120 名參加了試驗;7 名患者拒絕參加。Figure 3.
CONSORT flow diagram of the ALS-CHEPAL trial. Intent-to-treat principle, all randomized participants were analyzed.
CONSORT 的 ALS-CHEPAL 試驗流程圖。 意向治療原則,所有隨機參與者進行了分析。Basic characteristics
All ALS cases were sporadic. There were no significant differences in sex, age, body weight, onset time of morbidity, disease progression, FVC, ALSFRS-R, or ALS-SSIT between the two groups at baseline. Thirty-three participants in the JWLP group and 37 in the PLAP group had involvement of the limbs only, 13 in the JWLP group and 12 in the PLAP group had involvement of the bulbar only, and 14 in the JWLP group and 11 in the PLAP group had involvement of both the limbs and the bulbar region. Table 2 presents the basic characteristics.
所有肌萎縮側索硬化病例均為散發性。兩組患者的性別、年齡、體重、發病時間、疾病進展、 FVC、 ALSFRS-R 或 ALS-SSIT 在基線時均無顯著性差異。JWLP 組 33 例,PLAP 組 37 例,僅累及四肢,JWLP 組 13 例,PLAP 組 12 例,僅累及球部,JWLP 組 14 例,PLAP 組 11 例。 Table 2 顯示基本特徵。Table 2.表 2。
Characteristics of the JWLP and PLAP groups.
JWLP 和 PLAP 組的特點。
Therapy心理治療 JWLP PLAP Subjects實驗對象 n 60 60 Female/male sex n 24/36 24/36 Age (years)年齡 (歲) Mean/Sd 54.9 ± 7.97 53.87 ± 8.53 Duration of the disease (month) 病程 (月份) Mean/SD 16.45 ± 5.92 15.62 ± 5.09 ALSFRS-R (48 point scale) ALSFRS-R (48 分制) Mean/SD 38.53 ± 1.99 38.50 ± 1.52 ALS-SSIT (40-point scale) Mean/SD 20.47 ± 1.94 20.0 ± 1.76 Body weight (kg) Mean/SD 60.45 ± 6.97 61.09 ± 6.41 Δ FS' (ALSFRS-R points/month)** Mean/SD 0.64 ± 0.25 0.67 ± 0.24 Limbs only只有四肢 n 33 37 Bulbar only n 13 12 Limbs and bulbar n 14 11 Primary therapy初級治療 Riluzole n 27 26 Edavarone n 1 1 Riluzole + Edavarone n 23 24 No specific ALS therapy n 9 9 FVC (%) Mean/SD 91.8/14.9 92.2/10.9 **ALSFRS-R progression rate; FVC, Forced Vital Capacity.
- ALSFRS-R 進展率;FVC,用力肺活量。
Discontinuation of the trial
終止審判
Forty-seven participants in each group completed the entire 20-week observation period. Discontinuation for personal reasons occurred in four JWLP participants (two before the 16th week and two before the 20th week) and three PLAP participants (one each before the 8th, 16th, and 20th weeks). One JWLP patient (before the 8th week) and one PLAP patient (before the 20th week) decided to participate in another trial. One patient died before the 16th week in the JWLP group, as well as three participants in the PLAP group, two before the 16th week (one for disease progression and one for pneumonia) and one before the 20th week. Discontinuation due to non-tolerable adverse effects occurred in seven JWLP participants (two before the 8th week, three before the 16th week, and two before the 20th week) and four PLAP participants (one before the 8th week and three before the 16th week).
每組 47 名參與者完成了整個 20 週的觀察期。四名 JWLP 參與者 (第 16 週之前兩名,第 20 週之前兩名) 和三名 PLAP 參與者 (第 8,16 th 和第 20 週之前各一名) 因個人原因停藥。一名 JWLP 患者 (第 8 週前) 和一名 PLAP 患者 (第 20 週前) 決定參加另一項試驗。JWLP 組中有一名患者在第 16 週之前死亡,PLAP 組中有三名參與者,第 16 週之前兩名 (一名為疾病進展,一名為肺炎) ,第 20 週之前一名。7 名 JWLP 參與者 (第 8 週之前 2 名,第 16 週之前 3 名,第 20 週之前 2 名) 和 4 名 PLAP 參與者 (第 8 週之前 1 名,第 16 週之前 3 名) 由於不可耐受的不良反應而停藥。Efficacy功效
Primary outcome
ALSFRS-R
In the JWLP group, the ALSFRS-R continuously declined from baseline (38.53 ± 1.99) to week 4 (37.53 ± 2.35), week 8 (36.34 ± 2.27), week 12 (35.72 ± 2.22), week 16 (35.12 ± 2.24), and week 20 (34.09 ± 2.19). In the PLAP group, the ALSFRS-R also continuously declined from baseline (38.50 ± 1.53) to week 4 (37.60 ± 1.78), week 8 (35.50 ± 1.66), week 12 (34.94 ± 1.68), week 16 (34.24 ± 2.17), and week 20 (33.21 ± 2.30).
在 JWLP 組中,ALSFRS-R 從基線 (38.53 ± 1.99) 持續下降到第 4 週 (37.53 ± 2.35) ,第 8 週 (36.34 ± 2.27) ,第 12 週 (35.72.2.22) ,第 16 週 (35.12.2.24) 和第 20 週 (34.09 ± 2.19)。在 PLAP 組中,ALSFRS-R 也從基線 (38.50 ± 1.53) 持續下降到第 4 週 (37.60 ± 1.78) ,第 8 週 (35.50 ± 1.66) ,第 12 週 (34.94 ± 1.68) ,第 16 週 (34.24.2.17) 和第 20 週 (33.21 ± 2.30)。The differences between the JWLP and PLAP were −0.03 at baseline (t = 0.09, 95% CI −0.71 to 0.78, p = 0.930), 0.07 after 4 weeks (t = 0.175, 95% CI −0.81 to 0.68, p = 0861), −0.84 after 8 weeks (t = 2.22, 95% CI 0.10 to 1.59, p = 0.027), −0.78 after 12 weeks (t = 2.05, 95% CI 0.03 to 1.52, p = 0.042), −0.87 after 16 weeks (t = 2.30, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.62, p = 0.022) and −0.87 after 20 weeks (t = 2.30, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.43, p = 0.022). Figure 4 summarizes these data. The mean decreases from baseline to the 20th week (Δbaseline to 20th week) were −4.44 ± 1.15 in the JWLP group and −5.28 ± 1.98 in the PLAP group (difference of 0.84 points, p = 0.005).
JWLP 和 PLAP 之間的差異在基線時為 -0.03 (t = 0.09,95% CI-0.71 至 0.78,p = 0.930) ,4 週後為 0.07 (t = 0.175,95% CI-0.81 至 0.68,p = 0861) ,8 週後為 -0.84 (t = 2.22,95% CI 0.10 至 1.59,p = 0.027),-12 週後 0.78 (t = 2.05,95% CI 0.03 至 1.52,p = 0.042) ,-16 週後為 0.87 (t = 2.30,95% CI 0.13 至 1.62,p = 0.022) ,20 週後為 -0.87 (t = 2.30,95% CI 0.26 至 1.43,p = 0.022)。 Figure 4 總結這些資料。JWLP 組從基線到第 20 週的平均降低 (Δ 基線至第 20 週) 為 -4.44 ± 1.15,PLAP 組為 -5.28 ± 1.98 (差異 0.84 分,p = 0.005)。Figure 4.
Change over time in the ALSFRS-R over the 20 week trial period. *p < 0.05, *p < 0.01.
在 20 週的試驗期間,ALSFRS-R 隨時間的變化。 p < 0.05, p < 0.01。Secondary outcomes
ALS-SSIT
In the JWLP group, the ALS-SSIT continuously increased from baseline (20.47 ± 1.94) to week 4 (21.4 ± 2.13), week 8 (23.54 ± 1.82), week 12 (24.22 ± 1.85), week 16 (25.12 ± 1.94), and week 20 (25.83 ± 2.02). In the PLAP group, the ALS-SSIT continuously increased from baseline (20.00 ± 1.76) to week 4 (21.02 ± 1.80), week 8 (24.96 ± 1.87), week 12 (25.91 ± 1.84), week 16 (27.07 ± 2.07), and week 20 (28.06 ± 2.20). The increase in both groups was statistically significant for every 4 weeks compared to the previous score and baseline (p < 0.01).
在 JWLP 組中,ALS-SSIT 從基線 (20.47 ± 1.94) 持續增加到第 4 週 (21.4.2.13) ,第 8 週 (23.54 ± 1.82) ,第 12 週 (24.22.1.85) ,第 16 週 (25.12.1.94) 和第 20 週 (25.83 ± 2.02)。在 PLAP 組中,ALS-SSIT 從基線 (20.00 ± 1.76) 持續增加到第 4 週 (21.02 ± 1.80) ,第 8 週 (24.96 ± 1.87) ,第 12 週 (25.91 ± 1.84) ,第 16 週 (27.07 ± 2.07) 和第 20 週 (28.06 ± 2.20)。與之前的評分和基線相比,兩組患者每 4 週的增加有統計學意義 (p < 0.01)。The differences between the JWLP and PLAP groups were 0.47 at baseline (t = 1.32, 95% CI −0.23 to 1.16, p = 0.188), 0.38 after 4 weeks (t = 1.08, 95% CI −0.31 to 1.08, p = 0.280), −1.42 after 8 weeks (t = 4.01, 95% CI −2.12 to −0.73, p < 0.001), −1.69 after 12 weeks (t = 4.77, 95% CI −2.38 to −0.99, p < 0.001), −1.96 after 16 weeks (t = 5.52, 95% CI −2.65 to −1.26, p < 0.001) and −2.23 after 20 weeks (t = 6.30, 95% CI −2.93 to −1.54, p < 0.001). Figure 5 summarizes these results. The increases in the ALS-SSIT within 20 weeks were 5.36 ± 1.15 points in the JWLP group and 8.06 ± 1.72 points in the PLAP group (difference of 2.7 points, p < 0.001).
JWLP 組和 PLAP 組之間的差異在基線時為 0.47 (t = 1.32,95% CI-0.23 至 1.16,p = 0.188) ,4 週後為 0.38 (t = 1.08,95% CI-0.31 至 1.08,p = 0.280) ,-8 週後為 1.42 (t = 4.01,95% CI-2.12 至 -0.73,p < 0.001),12 週後 -1.69 (t = 4.77,95% CI-2.38 至 -0.99,p < 0.001) ,- 16 週後 1.96 (t = 5.52.95% CI-2.65 至 -1.26,p < 0.001) 和 20 週後 -2.23 (t = 6.30,95% CI-2.93 至 -1.54,p < 0.001)。 Figure 5 總結了這些結果。20 週內 ALS-SSIT 的增加在 JWLP 組為 5.36 ± 1.15 分,PLAP 組為 8.06 ± 1.72 分 (差異 2.7 分,p < 0.001)。Figure 5.
Change over time in the ALS-SITT over the 20 week trial period. *p < 0.01.
ALS-SITT 在 20 週試驗期間隨時間變化。 * p < 0.01。Weight
In the JWLP group, the mean weight continuously declined from baseline (60.5 ± 6.97) to week 4 (59.58 ± 6.87), week 8 (58.01 ± 6.91), week 12 (57.72 ± 7.15), week 16 (57 ± 7.50), and week 20 (56.58 ± 7.54). In the PLAP group, the weight continuously declined from baseline (61.09 ± 6.41) to week 4 (60.07 ± 6.42), week 8 (58.03 ± 6.30), week 12 (57.37 ± 6.49), week 16 (56.64 ± 6.77), and week 20 (55.46 ± 6.86). The decrease in both groups was statistically significant for every 4 weeks compared to the previous measurement and baseline (p < 0.01). The difference between the JWLP and PLAP was not statistically significant at any measurement point. The mean weight decreases from baseline to week 20 were −3.98 ± 2.61 kg in the JWLP group and −5.63 ± 3.17 kg in the PLAP group (difference of 1.65 kg, p = 0.002). Figure 6 summarizes these findings. The results of the ALSFRS-R, ALSSITT, and weight are summarized in Table 3.
在 JWLP 組中,平均體重從基線 (60.5 ± 6.97) 持續下降到第 4 週 (59.58 ± 6.87) ,第 8 週 (58.01 ± 6.91) ,第 12 週 (57.72 ± 7.15) ,第 16 週 (57.7.50) 和第 20 週 (56.58 ± 7.54)。在 PLAP 組中,體重從基線 (61.09 ± 6.41) 持續下降到第 4 週 (60.07 ± 6.42) ,第 8 週 (58.03 ± 6.30) ,第 12 週 (57.37 ± 6.49) ,第 16 週 (56.64 ± 6.77) 和第 20 週 (55.46.6.86)。與之前的測量值和基線值相比,兩組患者每 4 週的下降有統計學意義 (p < 0.01)。在任何測量點,JWLP 和 PLAP 之間的差異均無統計學意義。從基線到第 20 週的平均體重下降在 JWLP 組為 -3.98 ± 2.61 kg,PLAP 組為 -5.63 ± 3.17 kg (差異 1.65 kg,p = 0.002)。 Figure 6 總結了這些發現。ALSFRS-R、 ALSSITT 和重量的計算結果總結在 Table 3 中。Figure 6.
The development of the weight over the 20 week trial period. *p < 0.01.
體重在 20 週試驗期間的變化。 * p < 0.01。Table 3.表 3。
ALSFRS-R, ASL-SSIT, and weight over 20 weeks.
ALSFRS-R,ASL-SSIT,體重超過 20 週。
ASLFRS-R JWLP SD PLAP SD Difference區別 95% CI t-value df P-value ASLFRS-R (48 items score) Baseline 38.53 1.99 38.50 1.53 −0.03- 0.03 −0.71–0.78-0.71 -0.78 0.09 590 0.930 4th week 37.53 2.35 37.60 1.78 0.07 −0.81–0.68- 0.81-0.68 0.175 590 0.861 8th week 36.34 2.27 35.50 1.66 −0.840.84 0.10–1.590.10-1.59 2.22 590 0.027 12th week 35.72 2.22 34.94 1.68 −0,78- 0.78 0.03–1.520.03-1.52 2.05 590 0.042 16th week 35.12 2.24 34.24 2.17 −0.870.87 0.13–1.620.13-1.62 2.30 590 0.022 20th week 34.09 2.19 33.22 2.61 −0.870.87 0.13–1.610.13-1.61 2.30 590 0.022 Δ baseline to 20th week −4.44- 4.44 1.15 −5.28- 5.28 1.98 −0.840.84 0.26–1.430.26-1.43 2.85 118 0.005 ALS-SSIT (40 items score) Baseline 20.47 1.94 20.00 1.76 0.47 −0.23–1.16- 0.23-1.16 1.32 590 0.188 4th week 21.40 2.13 21.02 1.80 0.38 −0.31–1.08-0.31-1.08 1.08 590 0.280 8th week 23.55 1.83 24.97 1.87 −1.42- 1.42 −2.21−0.73- 2.21-0.73 4.01 590 < 0.001 12th week 24.24 1.87 25.93 1.83 −1.69- 1.69 −2.38–0.99- 2.38-0.99 4.77 590 < 0.001 16th week 25.15 1.99 27.10 2.06 −1.96- 1.96 −2.65−1.26- 2.65-1.26 5.52 590 < 0.001 20th week 25.87 2.09 28.10 2.19 −2.23- 2.23 −2.93−1.54- 2.93-1.54 6.3 590 < 0.001 Δ baseline to 20th week 5.36 1.15 8.06 1.72 2.7 2.17–3.232.17-3.23 10.11 118 < 0.001 Weight (kg) Baseline 60.56 6.97 61.09 6.41 −0.53-0.53 −2.99–1.93- 2.99-1.93 0.43 590 0.670 4th week 59.58 6.87 60.07 6.42 −0.48-0.48 2.94–1.982.94-1.98 0.39 590 0.670 8th week 58.02 6.91 58.03 6.30 −0.01- 0.01 2,47–2.452.47-2.45 0.01 590 0.995 12th week 57.72 7.15 57.37 6.49 0.35 −2.11–2.802.11-2.80 0.28 590 0.782 16th week 57.51 7.45 56.64 6.77 0.87 −1.59–3.33- 1.59-3.33 0.69 590 0.489 20th week 56.58 7.54 55.46 6.87 1.11 −1.35–3.57- 1.35-3.57 0.89 590 0.375 Δ baseline to 20th week −3.983.98 2.61 −5.63- 5.63 3.17 1.65 0.59–2.700.59-2.70 3.10 118 0.002 Safety
Allergic dermatitis under the plaster as an adverse event with a suspected causal relationship to intervention occurred in 10 of 60 JWLP group patients (16, 70%) and 9 of 60 PLAP group patients (8.33%) (df = 2, p = 0.098). Allergic dermatitis, though moderate and local, was not tolerable in seven JWLP participants (11.6%) and five PLAP participants (8.3%) (df = 2, p = 0.34) and caused discontinuation of the therapy (dropout). After cessation of the plaster treatment, all skin symptoms completely recovered and disappeared within weeks.
在 60 名 JWLP 組患者中有 10 名 (16,70%) 和 60 名 PLAP 組患者中有 9 名 (8.33%)(df = 2,p = 0.098) 發生異位性皮膚炎,懷疑與干預有因果關係。異位性皮膚炎雖然是中度和局部的,但在 7 名 JWLP 參與者 (11.6%) 和 5 名 PLAP 參與者 (8.3%)(df = 2,p = 0.34) 中不能耐受,並導致治療中止 (輟學)。停止石膏治療後,所有皮膚症狀完全恢復,並在數週內消失。Temporary mild adverse events (fever, sore throat, nausea, and constipation) occurred in a minority of both groups and were considered unrelated to intervention, or a causal relationship was not assessable. No treatment-related changes in normal blood levels (red blood cells, hemoglobin, haematocrit, platelets, white blood cells, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, y-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and electrolytes), or alterations in the electrocardiogram related to treatment were detected.
臨時性輕微不良事件 (發燒,喉嚨痛,噁心,便秘) 發生在兩組中的少數,被認為與干預無關,或因果關係無法評估。正常血液水平 (紅細胞,血紅蛋白,血細胞比容,血小板,白細胞,肌酐,尿素氮,谷氨酰轉移酶,丙氨酸轉氨酶,天冬氨酸轉氨酶和電解質) 沒有與治療相關的變化,或與治療相關的心電圖的變化被檢測到。Table 4 summarizes the adverse events.
Table 4 彙總不良事件。Table 4.表 4。
Adverse events by MedDRA preferred terms and by treatment group.
按 MedDRA 優先術語和治療組分列的不良事件。
JWLP PLAP Comparison of the number of
數目的比較group小組 group小組 events in-between groups --- :-: :-: :-: Event type Subjects n/60實驗對象 n/60 **Events mild/moderate/severe 輕度 / 中度 / 重度事件** Subjects n/60實驗對象 n/60 **Events mild/moderate/severe 輕度 / 中度 / 重度事件** P-value Df = 2 :-- :-: :-: :-: :-: :-: **Adverse events with a suspected causal relationship to intervention 懷疑與干預有因果關係的不良事件** Local† allergic dermatitis 10 (16.7%) 3/7*/0 9 (15%) 4/5*/0 0.80 **Adverse events unrelated to intervention or causal relationship not assessable 與干預無關的不良事件或不可評估的因果關係** Temporary fever 12 (20%) 12/0/0 11 (18.3%) 11/0/0 0.18 Temporary sore throat 8 (13.3%) 8/0/0 9 (15%) 9/0/0 0.25 Temporary nausea 11 (18.3%) 11/0/0 9 (15%) 9/0/0 0.17 Temporary constipation暫時性便秘 9 (15%) 9/0/0 7 (11.7%) 7/0/0 0.21 †On the plaster application site, local skin reaction requires local symptomatic treatment with full recovery after ending of plaster application (study dropout).
† 在塗抹石膏的地方, 局部皮膚反應需要局部對症治療在塗抹石膏結束後完全恢復 (學習輟學)。Discussion討論
To our knowledge, this is the first randomized, controlled, triple-blinded study of external herbal treatment for ALS. We used the ALSFRS-R score as the primary outcome, which is considered the gold standard for the staging and functional measurement of disease progression (34, 35) and comparison with newly proposed scales (36, 37). In our study, the decrease in the ALS-FRS-R was significantly lower in the JWLP group than in the PLAP group from the eighth week until the final examination after 20 weeks.
據我們所知,這是第一個隨機,對照,三盲研究的外部草藥治療 ALS。我們使用 ALSFRS-R 評分作為主要結果,這被認為是疾病進展分期和功能測量的金標準 ( 34 , 35 ) ,並與新提出的量表 ( 36 , 37 ) 進行比較。在我們的研究中,從第 8 週到 20 週後的最終檢查,JWLP 組 ALS-FRS-R 的降低明顯低於 PLAP 組。Additionally, we examined the ALS-SSIT score as a secondary outcome. The ALS-SSIT is focused on patients' quality of life and is approved due to its feasibility, reliability, validity, and sensitivity (38). Like the ALSFRS-R, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant from the eighth week onwards but became more pronounced thereafter until the endpoint. The higher measurement sensitivity of the differences and the focus on the quality of life suggests that the ALS-SSIT should be considered in future ALS studies. Furthermore, we examined weight as an observer-independent marker of cachexia. The mean weight loss for the period of 20 weeks was 1.65 kg higher in the PLAP group than in the JWLP group, which was statistically significant.
此外,我們檢查 ALS-SSIT 評分作為次要結果。ALS-SSIT 主要關注患者的生活質量,因其可行性、信度、效度和靈敏度 ( 38 ) 而獲得批准。像 ALSFRS-R 一樣,兩組之間的差異從第八週開始在統計學上是顯著的,但是在終點之前變得更加明顯。對差異較高的測量靈敏度和對生活質量的關注提示 ALS-SSIT 應該在未來 ALS 研究中考慮。此外,我們檢查了體重作為一個觀察者無關的惡病質標誌物。PLAP 組 20 週的平均體重減輕量比 JWLP 組高 1.65 kg,具有統計學意義。One novelty of this study was the introduction of the external application of herbs into ALS treatment. This approach is useful for patients with bulbar involvement. In general, transdermal application has comparable efficacy to oral administration. The mechanisms underlying the external application of herbs include transdermal micro-/macroabsorption, local augmentation of microcirculation, and adjustment of the neural-endocrine-immune network (27). Transdermal application has advantages because it avoids the first-pass effect of metabolism associated with the oral route, leading to improved bioavailability (39, 40).
本研究的一個新穎之處是將中藥外用引入肌萎縮側索硬化的治療。這種方法是有用的患者球部受累。一般而言,透皮貼劑的效果與口服給藥相若。藥物外用的機制包括經皮微量 / 大量吸收,局部增強微循環,調節神經 - 內分泌 - 免疫網路 ( 27 )。經皮應用具有優勢,因為它避免了與口服途徑相關的代謝的第一通道效應,導致改善的生物利用度 ( 39 , 40 )。Furthermore, it allows prolonged release, improves patient adherence, and minimizes adverse effects due to lower drug peak concentrations (29). Transdermal application may avoid gastrointestinal irritation, low absorption, and a short half-life, necessitating frequent dosing. Thus, a lower daily dose can elicit an equivalent therapeutic effect. The most significant disadvantages are the lower permeability of the skin for some herbal ingredients, the slow permeation of hydrophobic ingredients, differences from person to person and with age, and the possibility of local irritation at the application site (26). Skin reactions were the only adverse effects leading to trial cessation in this study. However, the termination rate in the JWLP group was half the rate reported for riluzole, and the adverse events were less severe (15).
此外,它允許延長釋放,改善患者的依從性,並最大限度地減少由於較低的藥物峰值濃度 ( 29 ) 的副作用。經皮給藥可以避免胃腸道刺激,低吸收,半衰期短,需要頻繁給藥。因此,較低的每日劑量可以引起相當的治療效果。最顯著的缺點是某些草藥成分的皮膚滲透性較低,疏水成分的滲透緩慢,人與人之間和年齡的差異,以及在應用部位 ( 26 ) 局部刺激的可能性。在這項研究中,皮膚反應是導致試驗停止的唯一不良反應。然而,JWLP 組的終止率是利魯唑報告率的一半,不良事件較輕 ( 15 )。Furthermore, the PLAP patients experienced similar skin symptoms. Hence, the adverse effects are partly not medication-generated but a reaction to the plaster material (melt adhesive material) or heat. Therefore, the material needs future improvement, and a periodic change in the plaster position might be an option.
此外,PLAP 患者也有類似的皮膚症狀。因此,副作用部分不是藥物產生的,而是對石膏材料 (熔融粘合材料) 或熱的反應。因此,材料需要未來的改進,並在石膏位置的週期性變化可能是一個選擇。The location of the plaster was chosen for practical considerations because placement in this region does not significantly hinder movement or function. Furthermore, it covers the paravertebral muscles, the trapezius muscle, and the rhomboid, which are well perfused. In addition, the plaster is positioned above reflex areas, which are traditionally considered to have toning and strengthening properties and whose stimulation leads to activation of the thoracic sympathetic trunk with sympathetic afferent neural induction of the increased perfusion of skeletal muscles. This is relevant because the sympathetic nervous system regulates skeletal muscle motor innervation and acetylcholine receptor stability. A progressive decline in sympathetic innervation is frequent in ALS with impaired adaptation to physiological stressors (41).
選擇石膏的位置是出於實際考慮,因為放置在這個區域不會嚴重阻礙運動或功能。此外,它還包括椎旁肌、斜方肌和菱形肌,這些部位的血流灌注良好。此外,石膏位於反射區上方,傳統上認為反射區具有調色和增強 屬性,其刺激導致胸部交感神經幹活化,交感神經傳入神經誘導增加骨骼肌灌注。這是相關的,因為交感神經調節骨骼肌運動神經支配和乙酰膽鹼受體穩定性。漸進性交感神經支配的下降在 ALS 中是常見的,對生理應激的適應性受損 ( 41 )。ALS has multifactorial mechanisms of neurodegeneration that lead to mitochondrial dysfunction (8, 11) and apoptosis (12), with a consequent dysfunction in axonal transport and muscle atrophy (13). The classical pharmacological approach that focuses on a single target of the ingredients can only have limited success (42), as shown for riluzole, which affects glutamate excitotoxicity (43), and edaravone, which affects oxidative stress alone (44)—the herbs of JWL target the pathophysiological mechanism of ALS. Taken together, these herbs target oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and potentially protect against mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Furthermore, Ginseng Radix, Astragalus Radix, Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Rhodiola rosea Radix, and Epimedii Herba can prevent glutamate excitotoxicity while Ginseng Radix, Astragalus Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix, and Rhodiola rosea Radix can ameliorate skeletal muscle atrophy (Supplementary Figure 1 summarizes these findings, while Supplementary Tables 1a,b, describe the herbs, their constituents and their mechanisms of action on the targets). Overall, the ingredients of every single herb of JWL have effects on almost all known mechanisms of ALS (45–58). Hence, JWL is a promising combination of herbs that counteracts multiple mechanisms of ALS.
ALS 具有多神經退行性疾病機制,導致線粒體功能障礙 ( 8 , 11 ) 和細胞凋亡 ( 12 ) ,從而導致軸突運輸和肌肉萎縮功能障礙 ( 13 )。經典的藥理學方法只能針對一個單一的成分靶點 ( 42 ) ,如利魯唑 (影響谷氨酸興奮毒性) 和依達拉奉 (單獨影響氧化應激 ( 44 )) ーー JWL 的草藥靶向 ALS 的病理生理機制。綜上所述,這些草藥作用於氧化應激和神經炎症,有可能防止線粒體功能障礙和細胞凋亡。此外,人參、黃芪、白術、甘草、紅景天和 Epimedii Herba 可以預防谷氨酸興奮性中毒,而人參、黃芪、甘草和紅景天可以改善骨骼肌萎縮 ( Supplementary Figure 1 總結了這些發現, Supplementary Tables 1a 、 b 描述了這些草藥、它們的成分和它們對靶標的作用機制)。總的來說,JWL 的每一種中草藥的成分對幾乎所有已知的 ALS ( 45 - 58 ) 機制都有影響。因此,JWL 是一種有前途的草藥組合,可以抵消 ALS 的多種機制。The present study has certain limitations. First, the work was conducted at a single center. A multicentre study is advisable for confirmation. In addition, the study evaluated only 20 weeks. Future studies should confirm the effects in a long-term clinical trial.
本文的研究具有一定的侷限性。首先,這項工作是在一個單一的中心進行的。建議進行多中心研究以確認。此外,這項研究只評估了 20 週。未來的研究應該在長期的臨床試驗中證實這種作用。Furthermore, the therapeutic concept is based on traditional experience with external applications and herbal studies with oral medications. However, there is limited knowledge on the absorption rate of single ingredients or the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Hence, targeted selective animal and human studies are mandatory to substantiate the clinical use of the JWLP in ALS patients.
此外,治療的概念是基於傳統的經驗與外部應用和草藥研究與口服藥物。然而,有關單一配料或藥代動力學和藥效學的吸收率的知識有限。因此,有針對性的選擇性動物和人類研究必須證實 JWLP 在 ALS 患者中的臨床應用。Nevertheless, while there are not enough established and effective therapies for ALS, there is sufficient knowledge of the toxicology and pharmacovigilance of the single herbs of JWL. Furthermore, their use is well-established, and relevant systemic adverse effects did not occur during this study. Hence, combining TCM formulations with western medicine is an encouraging way to help alleviate symptoms and delay ALS progression.
儘管如此,雖然目前還沒有足夠的治療 ALS 的既定有效方法,但我們對 JWL 單一草藥的毒理學和藥物安全有足夠的瞭解。此外,他們的使用是公認的,相關的全身不良反應沒有發生在這項研究期間。因此,中西醫結合是一個令人鼓舞的方法,以幫助緩解症狀和延緩 ALS 進展。Conclusions結論
The JWLP showed clinical efficacy in a randomized, controlled, placebo-controlled trial, measured by the ALSFRS-R, ALS-SSIT, and weight loss. The study revealed no systemic adverse effects. Because skin reactions occurred in the verum and placebo groups, the covering material needs improvement. Hence, JWLP offers a promising add-on therapy for ALS, particularly in patients with bulbar involvement.
JWLP 在一項隨機、對照、安慰劑對照試驗中顯示了臨床療效,該試驗通過 ALSFRS-R、 ALS-SSIT 和體重減輕來衡量。研究顯示沒有全身不良反應。因為皮膚反應發生在真皮組和安慰劑組,覆蓋材料需要改進。因此,JWLP 為 ALS 提供了一種有前途的附加療法,特別是對於球部受累的患者。Data availability statement
資料可用性聲明
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors.
在研究中提出的原始貢獻包括在文章 / Supplementary material 中,進一步的詢問可以直接向相應的作者。Ethics statement
The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by Ethics Committee of Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with the Shanghai University of TCM. The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. Written informed consent was obtained from the individual(s) for the publication of any potentially identifiable images or data included in this article.
本研究由上海中醫藥大學曙光醫院倫理委員會稽核並批准。患者 / 參與者提供了他們的書面知情同意參加這項研究。書面知情同意是從個人獲得的公佈任何潛在的可識別的圖像或封包括在本文中。Author contributions作者貢獻
WP, TLiu, TF, and SS conceived and designed the study and supervised the experiments. MW, DS, JS, XZhe, LL, TLi, and XZhu performed the trial, data collection, literature research, and data analysis. QW and TF performed and controlled the statistical analysis, WP and SS drafted the manuscript. All data were generated in-house and no paper mill was used. All authors corrected the draft manuscript, agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work, ensuring integrity, and accuracy.
WP、 TLiu、 TF 和 SS 構思並設計了研究並監督了實驗。MW、 DS、 JS、 XZhe、 LL、 TLi 和 XZhu 進行了試驗、資料收集、文獻研究和資料分析。QW 和 TF 進行對照統計分析,WP 和 SS 起草稿件。所有資料都是內部產生的,沒有使用造紙廠。所有作者修改了草稿,同意對工作的各個方面負責,確保完整性和精準性。Funding
The present study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81373619) and the Clinical Research Plan of Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center (SHDC2020CR2027B). Funding was also received from the Shanghai Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission (ZY3-CCCX-3-3030).
本研究得到了國家自然科學基金 (81373619) 和上海申康醫院發展中心臨床研究計畫 (SHDC2020CR2027B) 的資助。資金也來自上海市衛生和計畫生育委員會 (ZY3-CCCX-3-3030)。Publisher's note出版商的說明
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
本文中表達的所有權利主張只是作者的權利主張,不一定代表其附屬機構的權利主張,也不一定代表出版商、編輯和審稿人的權利主張。任何在本文中可能被評估的產品,或者由其製造商提出的聲明,都不能得到出版商的保證或認可。Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the study participants for their contributions. We also thank Shanghai NUANYOU Industry Co. Ltd. for preparing and providing the JWLP and PLAP for this study. Supplementary Figure 1 was created with the free version of the Biorender.com.
我們感謝所有參與研究的人員所做的貢獻。我們還要感謝上海暖友實業有限公司為本研究所做的準備和提供的 JWLP 和 PLAP。 Supplementary Figure 1 是使用 Biorender.com 的空閒版本建立的。Glossary
Abbreviations
ALS
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
肌萎縮性嵴髓側索硬化症ALS-CHEPLA
ALS-Chinese HErbal PLAster
ALS - 中草藥膏劑JWLP
Ji Wu Li plaster
PLAP
placebo plaster
ALS-SSITS
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis symptom score in integrative treatment scale
綜合治療量表肌萎縮性嵴髓側索硬化症症狀評分ALSFRS-R
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis rating scale-revised
肌萎縮性嵴髓側索硬化症評級表 - 修訂FVC
forced vital capacity
TCM
Traditional Chinese Medicine
中醫藥EMG
electromyography
CINHAL
Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature
CNKI
China National Knowledge Infrastructure
中國國家知識基礎設施MeSH
Medical Subject Headings
HSFA
(Chinese) Health Standards for the Use of Food Additives
食物加入劑衛生標準CFDA
China Food and Drug Administration.
中國食品藥品監督管理局。Supplementary material補充材料
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2022.990802/full#supplementary-material
本文的補充材料可在以下網址找到: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2022.990802/full#supplementary-materialClick here for additional data file. (18.2KB, docx)
Supplementary Figure 1
Pharmacological treatment targets in relation to ALS disease mechanism.
藥物治療靶點與 ALS 發病機制的關係。Click here for additional data file. (1.2MB, jpeg)
Supplementary Table 1a補充表 1a
Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of the main constituents of Ji Wu Li.
Click here for additional data file. (361.3KB, docx)
Supplementary Table 1b補充表 1b
Neuroprotective and Glutamate excitotoxicity- and muscle atrophy attenuating effects of Ji Wu Li constituents. ABTS, 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid); AChE, Acetylcholinesterase; AIF, apoptosis-inducing factor; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; Bax, Bcl-2-associated X protein; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; CARM1, co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1; CAT, Catalase; COX2, Cyclooxygenase-2; DAPK1, Death Associated Protein Kinase 1; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; DPPH, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; ERK, Extracellular-signal Regulated Kinases; GLT-1, Glutamate transporter-1; GPx, Glutathione peroxidase; GSH, Glutathion in its reduced form; GSH-PX, Glutathionperoxidase; GSK3β, Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta; HSP-16.2, Heat-shock-protein 16.2; Iba1, Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1; IFN-γ, Interferone gamma; IL, Interleukin; I/R, ischemia/reperfusion; iNOS, Inducible nitric oxide synthase; IP-10, interferon-gamma induced protein 10; MDA, Malondialdehyde; MEK, MAPK/ERK Kinase; MMP, Matrix metallopeptidase; mTOR, mammalian Target of Rapamycin; NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa B; NMDAR, N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor; NO, Nitric oxide; NOX4, NADPH Oxidase 4; NQO1, NAD(P)H Quinone Dehydrogenase 1; ODG/R, Oxygen glucose deprivation and reperfusion; PCP, Poria cocos polysaccharide; PGE2, Prostaglandin E2; PI3K, Phosphoinositide 3-kinases; PON2, Paraoxonase 2; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; SKP2, S-Phase-kinase-associated-protein; SOD, Superoxide Dismutase; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; S100β, S100 calcium-binding protein B; XOD, xanthine oxidase; TNF-α, Tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha; TXNIP, Thioredoxin-interacting-protein. A Literature search was performed from the databases from inception to February 2022 using MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Database, CINHAL, CNKI, and Wanfang Med Online. The keywords “Ginseng Radix, Astragalus Radix, Cistanche deserticola Herba, Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma, Poria cocos, Glycyrrhiza Radix, Rhodiola rosea Radix, Epimedii Herba” AND “neurodegeneration, glutamate excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, axonal transport dysfunction, muscle atrophy, spasticity, and ALS” were used as MeSH terms.
雞五里成分的神經保護作用及谷氨酸興奮毒性和肌萎縮減毒作用。乙酰膽鹼酯酶;AIF,凋亡誘導因子;AMPK,AMP 活化蛋白激酶;Bax,Bcl-2 相關 X 蛋白;Bcl-2,B 細胞淋巴瘤 2; CARM1,共啟動劑相關精氨酸甲基轉移酶 1; CAT,過氧化氫酶;COX2,環氧合酶 -2; DAPK1,死亡相關蛋白激酶 1; DNA,去氧核醣核酸;2,2 - 二苯基 -1 - 苦基肼;ERK,細胞外訊號調節激酶;GLT-1,谷氨酸轉運蛋白 -1; GPx,谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶;還原形式的 Glutathion 谷胱甘肽;Iba1,電離鈣結合銜接分子 1; IFN-γ,干擾素 γ; IL,白細胞介素;I/R,缺血 / 再灌注;iNOS,Inducible 一氧化氮合酶;IP-10,interferon-gamma 誘導蛋白 10; MDA,Malondialdehyde; MEK,MAPK/ERK 激酶;MMP,基質金屬蛋白酶;mTOR,哺乳動物雷帕黴素靶點;核因子 κB,核因子 κB; NMDAR,N - 甲基 - D - 天門冬胺酸受體;NO,一氧化氮;NOX4,NADPH 氧化酶 4; NQO1,NAD (P) H 醌脫氫酶 1; ODG/R,氧葡萄糖剝奪和再灌注;五氯酚,茯苓多糖;PGE2,前列腺素 E2; PI3K,磷酸肌醇 3 - 激酶;PON2,對氧磷酶 2; ROS,活性氧類;SKP2,S 期激酶相關蛋白;SOD,超氧化物歧化酶;STAT,訊號轉導和轉錄啟動因子;S100β,S100 鈣結合蛋白 B; XOD,黃嘌呤氧化酶;TNF-α,腫瘤壞死因子 α; TXNIP,硫氧還蛋白相互作用蛋白。 從開始到 2022 年 2 月,使用 MEDLINE,Google Scholar,Cochrane Database,CINHAL,CNKI 和 Wanfang Med Online 對資料庫進行文獻檢索。關鍵詞 “人參、黃芪、肉蓯蓉、白術、茯苓、甘草、紅景天、 Epimedii Herba” 和 “神經退行性疾病、谷氨酸興奮毒性、神經炎症、氧化應激、蛋白質聚集、線粒體功能障礙、軸突運輸功能障礙、肌肉萎縮、痙攣和肌萎縮性側索硬化症” 被用作 meSH 術語。Click here for additional data file. (216.7KB, docx)
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Associated Data
This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.
本節收集本文中包含的任何資料引用、資料可用性陳述或補充材料。Supplementary Materials
Click here for additional data file. (18.2KB, docx)
Supplementary Figure 1
Pharmacological treatment targets in relation to ALS disease mechanism.
藥物治療靶點與 ALS 發病機制的關係。Click here for additional data file. (1.2MB, jpeg)
Supplementary Table 1a補充表 1a
Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of the main constituents of Ji Wu Li.
Click here for additional data file. (361.3KB, docx)
Supplementary Table 1b補充表 1b
Neuroprotective and Glutamate excitotoxicity- and muscle atrophy attenuating effects of Ji Wu Li constituents. ABTS, 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid); AChE, Acetylcholinesterase; AIF, apoptosis-inducing factor; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; Bax, Bcl-2-associated X protein; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; CARM1, co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1; CAT, Catalase; COX2, Cyclooxygenase-2; DAPK1, Death Associated Protein Kinase 1; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; DPPH, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; ERK, Extracellular-signal Regulated Kinases; GLT-1, Glutamate transporter-1; GPx, Glutathione peroxidase; GSH, Glutathion in its reduced form; GSH-PX, Glutathionperoxidase; GSK3β, Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta; HSP-16.2, Heat-shock-protein 16.2; Iba1, Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1; IFN-γ, Interferone gamma; IL, Interleukin; I/R, ischemia/reperfusion; iNOS, Inducible nitric oxide synthase; IP-10, interferon-gamma induced protein 10; MDA, Malondialdehyde; MEK, MAPK/ERK Kinase; MMP, Matrix metallopeptidase; mTOR, mammalian Target of Rapamycin; NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa B; NMDAR, N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor; NO, Nitric oxide; NOX4, NADPH Oxidase 4; NQO1, NAD(P)H Quinone Dehydrogenase 1; ODG/R, Oxygen glucose deprivation and reperfusion; PCP, Poria cocos polysaccharide; PGE2, Prostaglandin E2; PI3K, Phosphoinositide 3-kinases; PON2, Paraoxonase 2; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; SKP2, S-Phase-kinase-associated-protein; SOD, Superoxide Dismutase; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; S100β, S100 calcium-binding protein B; XOD, xanthine oxidase; TNF-α, Tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha; TXNIP, Thioredoxin-interacting-protein. A Literature search was performed from the databases from inception to February 2022 using MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Database, CINHAL, CNKI, and Wanfang Med Online. The keywords “Ginseng Radix, Astragalus Radix, Cistanche deserticola Herba, Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma, Poria cocos, Glycyrrhiza Radix, Rhodiola rosea Radix, Epimedii Herba” AND “neurodegeneration, glutamate excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, axonal transport dysfunction, muscle atrophy, spasticity, and ALS” were used as MeSH terms.
雞五里成分的神經保護作用及谷氨酸興奮毒性和肌萎縮減毒作用。乙酰膽鹼酯酶;AIF,凋亡誘導因子;AMPK,AMP 活化蛋白激酶;Bax,Bcl-2 相關 X 蛋白;Bcl-2,B 細胞淋巴瘤 2; CARM1,共啟動劑相關精氨酸甲基轉移酶 1; CAT,過氧化氫酶;COX2,環氧合酶 -2; DAPK1,死亡相關蛋白激酶 1; DNA,去氧核醣核酸;2,2 - 二苯基 -1 - 苦基肼;ERK,細胞外訊號調節激酶;GLT-1,谷氨酸轉運蛋白 -1; GPx,谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶;還原形式的 Glutathion 谷胱甘肽;Iba1,電離鈣結合銜接分子 1; IFN-γ,干擾素 γ; IL,白細胞介素;I/R,缺血 / 再灌注;iNOS,Inducible 一氧化氮合酶;IP-10,interferon-gamma 誘導蛋白 10; MDA,Malondialdehyde; MEK,MAPK/ERK 激酶;MMP,基質金屬蛋白酶;mTOR,哺乳動物雷帕黴素靶點;核因子 κB,核因子 κB; NMDAR,N - 甲基 - D - 天門冬胺酸受體;NO,一氧化氮;NOX4,NADPH 氧化酶 4; NQO1,NAD (P) H 醌脫氫酶 1; ODG/R,氧葡萄糖剝奪和再灌注;五氯酚,茯苓多糖;PGE2,前列腺素 E2; PI3K,磷酸肌醇 3 - 激酶;PON2,對氧磷酶 2; ROS,活性氧類;SKP2,S 期激酶相關蛋白;SOD,超氧化物歧化酶;STAT,訊號轉導和轉錄啟動因子;S100β,S100 鈣結合蛋白 B; XOD,黃嘌呤氧化酶;TNF-α,腫瘤壞死因子 α; TXNIP,硫氧還蛋白相互作用蛋白。 從開始到 2022 年 2 月,使用 MEDLINE,Google Scholar,Cochrane Database,CINHAL,CNKI 和 Wanfang Med Online 對資料庫進行文獻檢索。關鍵詞 “人參、黃芪、肉蓯蓉、白術、茯苓、甘草、紅景天、 Epimedii Herba” 和 “神經退行性疾病、谷氨酸興奮毒性、神經炎症、氧化應激、蛋白質聚集、線粒體功能障礙、軸突運輸功能障礙、肌肉萎縮、痙攣和肌萎縮性側索硬化症” 被用作 meSH 術語。Click here for additional data file. (216.7KB, docx)
Data Availability Statement
資料可供使用聲明
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors.
在研究中提出的原始貢獻包括在文章 / Supplementary material 中,進一步的詢問可以直接向相應的作者。
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https://lolface.ddns.net/shaare/yzgU7wTop 10 ALS news stories of 2024
Of most interest to readers was news on clinical trials for potential treatments
讀者最感興趣的是關於潛在治療方法的臨床試驗的新聞
by Lindsey Shapiro, PhD | December 30, 2024
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Throughout 2024, ALS News Today brought our readers daily coverage of the latest in scientific breakthroughs, treatment advances, and clinical trial updates related to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
在整個 2024 年,ALS 新聞每天都為我們的讀者帶來與 ALS (ALS) 相關的科學突破、治療進展和臨床試驗更新的最新肌萎縮性嵴髓側索硬化症。Here is a list of the top 10 most-read articles published in 2024, along with a brief description. We look forward to continuing to be a trusted resource for the ALS community in 2025.
以下是 2024 年最受讀者歡迎的 10 篇文章,並附有簡要介紹。我們期待在 2025 年繼續成為 ALS 社區可信賴的資源。No. 10 – TPN-101 benefits ALS/FTD patients with C9orf72 gene mutations
No. 10-TPN-101 對 C9orf72 基因突變的 ALS/FTD 患者有益
Data from a Phase 2a clinical trial showed that Transposon Therapeutics‘ oral therapy candidate TPN-101 reduced disease-related biomarkers and slowed respiratory decline in people with ALS or frontotemporal dementia (FTD) associated with C9orf72 gene mutations. TPN-101 is designed to block an enzyme involved in activating pieces of ancient viral DNA that are believed to contribute to neurodegeneration in ALS and FTD. Based on the interim results after six months, and other findings from the trial, the developer indicated its plans to advance the therapy to a registration Phase 3 study for C9orf72-related ALS.
來自 2a 期臨床試驗的資料顯示,轉座子治療公司的口服治療候選藥物 TPN-101 降低了與疾病相關的生物標誌物,並減緩了與 c9orf72 基因突變相關的 ALS 或額顳葉型失智症 (fTD) 患者的呼吸衰退。TPN-101 被設計用來阻斷一種與啟動古代病毒 DNA 片段有關的酶,這種 DNA 片段被認為與 ALS 和 FTD 中的神經退行性疾病有關。基於六個月後的中期結果,以及試驗的其他發現,開發商表示,他們計畫將該療法推進到 C9orf72 相關 ALS 的註冊 3 期研究。No. 9 – IGFBP7 gene mutation linked to rare cases of ALS reversal
9 號 IGFBP7 基因突變與罕見 ALS 逆轉的關係
U.S. researchers identified a mutation in the IGFBP7 gene that’s associated with very rare reversals in ALS disease progression. Typically, as ALS is a progressive disease, its symptoms continuously get worse. However, in a minority of patients, the signs and symptoms of ALS ease or disappear over time. To learn more, the researchers analyzed genetic data from 22 people who had experienced ALS reversal and compared it with data from patients with a typical disease trajectory. A particular mutation in the IGFBP7 gene was associated with up to a 12 times greater likelihood of ALS reversal. The mutation results in lesser production of the gene’s protein product, so researchers believe — though more research still is needed — that inhibiting the protein or the pathway it participates in may be of therapeutic benefit in ALS.
美國研究人員發現了一種 IGFBP7 基因的突變,這種突變與 ALS 疾病進展中非常罕見的逆轉有關。典型地,由於 ALS 是一種進行性疾病,其症狀持續惡化。然而,在少數患者中,ALS 的體徵和症狀隨著時間的推移而減輕或消失。為了瞭解更多 訊息,研究人員分析了 22 名經歷 ALS 逆轉的患者的基因資料,並將其與典型疾病軌跡患者的資料進行比較。IGFBP7 基因中的一個特殊突變與 ALS 逆轉的可能性高達 12 倍有關。這種突變導致該基因的蛋白質產物產量減少,因此研究人員認為 (儘管還需要更多的研究) 抑制該蛋白質或其參與的途徑可能對 ALS 有治療作用。No. 8 – COYA 302 immune-modulating therapy shows promise in small early trial
No. 8-COYA 302 免疫調節療法在小規模早期試驗中顯示出前景
Coya Therapeutics’ investigational therapy COYA 302 was found to slow ALS disease progression and lower levels of disease-related biomarkers in a small Phase 1 clinical trial. COYA 302 is a combination of an immune signaling molecule called interleukin-2 and a fusion protein called CTLA4-Ig that together are intended to ease inflammation that’s believed to contribute to neurodegeneration in ALS. The clinical trial involved four ALS patients who received injections of COYA 302 over nearly a year. The results showed the treatment was well tolerated and generally slowed patients’ functional declines relative to the trial’s start. Improvements in relevant biomarkers also were observed. Based on the study’s findings, Coya indicated plans to conduct a placebo-controlled trial.
在一個小型的 1 期臨床試驗中,科亞治療公司的研究性療法 COYA 302 被發現可以減緩 ALS 疾病的進展和降低疾病相關生物標誌物的水平。COYA 302 是一種名為白細胞介素 -2 的免疫訊號分子和一種名為 CTLA4-Ig 的融合蛋白的組合物,它們共同用於緩解炎症,這種炎症被認為與 ALS 中的神經退行性疾病有關。臨床試驗涉及四名 ALS 患者,他們在接近一年的時間裡接受了 COYA 302 的注射。結果表明,治療耐受性良好,相對於試驗開始時,通常減緩了患者的功能下降。相關生物標誌物的改善也被觀察到。根據研究結果,科亞表示計畫進行一項安慰劑對照試驗。No. 7 – FDA clears Phase 1/2 trial of once-daily SPG302 for ALS
第 7 名: FDA 通過了 ALS 每日一次 SPG302 的 1/2 期臨床試驗
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration gave Spinogenix the green light to launch a Phase 1/2 clinical trial to test its oral treatment candidate SPG302 in ALS patients. The planned trial aims to evaluate the once-daily treatment’s safety, tolerability, and pharmacological properties. SPG302 is designed to trigger the formation of synapses, which are the junctions through which nerve cells communicate — the loss of which is believed to contribute to ALS symptoms. The experimental therapy has demonstrated an ability to regenerate synapses and improve motor and cognitive function in animal models of ALS. It’s now being tested in another Phase 1/2 trial in Australia.
美國食品和藥物管理局批准 Spinogenix 啟動一項 1/2 期臨床試驗,以測試其口服治療候選藥物 SPG302 在 ALS 患者中的應用。計畫中的試驗旨在評估每日一次的治療的安全性、耐受性和藥理 屬性。SPG302 被設計用於觸發突觸的形成,突觸是神經細胞交流的連接點,神經細胞的缺失被認為與 ALS 症狀有關。在 ALS 動物模型中,實驗治療已經證明了再生突觸和改善運動和認知功能的能力。現在正在澳大利亞進行另一個半期試驗。No. 6 – High-dose vitamin B12 approved in Japan for treating ALS
日本批准用於治療肌萎縮性側索硬化症的大劑量維生素 B12
Japanese regulators approved an ultra-high dose of mecobalamin — a naturally occurring version of vitamin B12 — for treating ALS. It’s being sold by Eisai under the brand name Rozebalamin. Vitamin B12 is found in foods such as meats, fish, and dairy, and plays a role in supporting nerve cell health. The approval was based largely on data from a Phase 3 trial involving people with early-stage ALS and moderate disease progression. Data showed that Rozebalamin significantly slowed disease progression, by 43% compared with a placebo, when given alone or combined with standard ALS therapies. The treatment also was well tolerated.
日本監管機構批准了一種用於治療 ALS 的超高劑量甲鈷胺 (一種天然維生素 B12)。衛材以 Rozebalamin 的品牌出售。維生素 B12 存在於肉類、魚類和奶製品等食品中,並在支援神經細胞健康方面發揮作用。該批准主要基於一項涉及早期 ALS 患者和中度疾病進展患者的 3 期臨床試驗的資料。資料顯示,與安慰劑相比,單獨使用或與標準 ALS 療法聯合使用時,Rozebalamin 顯著減緩了疾病進展,減少了 43% 。治療的耐受性也很好。No. 5 – Prilenia plans for Phase 3 trial of pridopidine for ALS
Prilenia Therapeutics indicated its plans to launch a Phase 3 clinical trial of pridopidine in ALS patients after promising Phase 2 results in the HEALEY ALS platform trial. Pridopidine intends to slow ALS progression by activating the sigma-1 receptor, a protein involved in processes important for nerve cell function and survival. Data from the pridopidine arm of HEALEY — a pioneering trial seeking ALS treatments over a faster timeframe — showed that while pridopidine failed to slow disease progression across the entire study group, benefits were observed in a subgroup of patients who were still early in the disease course. These benefits included slower declines in functional ability, respiratory function, and quality of life as compared with a placebo, as well as a possible survival benefit. Pridopidine also was associated with speech improvements across all treated patients.
Prilenia 治療公司表示,在 HEALEY ALS 平台試驗中取得了有希望的第二階段結果之後,它計畫在 ALS 患者中啟動一個第三階段的臨床試驗。普利多定試圖通過啟動 sigma-1 受體來減緩 ALS 的進展,sigma-1 受體是一種參與神經細胞功能和存活過程的蛋白質。HEALEY (一項在更短時間內尋求 ALS 治療的開創性試驗) 的普利多定部門的資料顯示,儘管普利多定未能減緩整個研究組的疾病進展,但在仍處於疾病早期的患者亞組中觀察到了益處。與安慰劑組相比,這些益處包括功能能力、呼吸功能和生活質量下降較慢,以及可能的生存益處。在所有接受治療的患者中,普利多定也與語言能力改善有關。No. 4 – Some recreational activities linked to greater ALS risk
第四名 - 一些娛樂活動與肌萎縮側索硬化症風險增加有關
Participating in certain recreational activities, including golfing, was associated with an increased risk of developing ALS in a study by U.S. researchers. Over the years, scientists have identified environmental risk factors for ALS, including workplace exposures to things like toxic chemicals and pesticides. In this study, researchers surveyed 400 ALS patients and nearly 300 people without the disease to learn more about how recreational activities might influence ALS risk. Several activities, including gardening and woodworking, as well as golfing, were significantly associated with ALS, especially among men. The researchers indicated that more work is needed to validate their findings and to better understand how these activities raise ALS risk.
根據美國研究人員的一項研究,參加某些娛樂活動,包括高爾夫,與患 ALS 的風險增加有關。多年來,科學家已經確定了 ALS 的環境風險因素,包括工作場所接觸有毒化學品和殺蟲劑。在這項研究中,研究人員調查了 400 名 ALS 患者和近 300 名非 ALS 患者,以瞭解娛樂活動如何影響 ALS 風險。一些活動,包括園藝和木工,以及高爾夫球,與肌萎縮側索硬化症顯著相關,尤其是在男性。研究人員指出,需要更多的工作來驗證他們的發現,並更好地瞭解這些活動如何增加 ALS 的風險。No. 3 – Amylyx considers discontinuing Relyvrio after trial failure
No. 3-Amylyx 考慮在試驗失敗後停用 Relyvrio
After Relyvrio (sodium phenylbutyrate and taurursodiol) failed to slow disease progression for ALS patients in a Phase 3 clinical trial, developer Amylyx Pharmaceuticals paused its promotion of the therapy and eventually discontinued it altogether. The therapy had initially been approved in the U.S. and Canada based on Phase 2 trial data showing it could slow functional declines in people with recently diagnosed and rapidly progressing ALS. That finding, however, could not be replicated in the Phase 3 study. The treatment also failed to meet other secondary trial goals related to quality of life, lung function, and survival. Amylyx continues to develop Relyvrio for other neurodegenerative conditions.
在一項 3 期臨床試驗中,Relyvrio (苯丁酸鈉和牛磺二醇) 未能減緩 ALS 患者的疾病進展,開發商 Amylyx 製藥公司暫停了對該療法的推廣,並最終完全停止了該療法。這種療法最初在美國和加拿大獲得批準是基於第二階段的試驗資料,這些資料顯示它可以減緩最近確診並迅速發展的 ALS 患者的功能下降。然而,這一發現在第三階段的研究中無法複製。治療也未能達到與生活質量、肺功能和生存率相關的其他二次試驗目標。Amylyx 繼續開發 Relyvrio 治療其他神經退行性疾病。No. 2 – Early trial data show promise of vet medication monepantel for ALS
第 2 名 - 早期試驗資料顯示獸醫藥物治療 ALS 的前景
Monepantel, a repurposed veterinary medication that’s now named NUZ-001, was found to slow disease progression for people with ALS or motor neuron disease (MND) in a small Phase 1 clinical trial. Used in veterinary practices as a deworming agent, the therapy is also able to block a signaling pathway that scientists believe could help clear the toxic protein clumps that contribute to ALS progression. Findings from the trial, which involved 12 adults with ALS or MND, showed that daily oral treatment was well tolerated and slowed the rate of disease progression by up to 58% relative to an external group of untreated ALS patients. These results and other long-term findings prompted developer PharmAust — now Neurizon Therapeutics — to plan for the launch of a Phase 2/3 study, which will run as part of the HEALEY ALS trial.
Monepantel 是一種重新利用的獸藥,現在被命名為 NUZ-001,在一項小型的第一階段臨床試驗中,研究人員發現它可以減緩 ALS 或運動神經元疾病 (MND) 患者的疾病進展。在獸醫實踐中作為驅蟲劑,該療法也能夠阻斷訊號通路,科學家認為可以幫助清除有毒蛋白質團塊,有助於 ALS 進展。來自涉及 12 名 ALS 或 MND 成年人的試驗結果顯示,每日口服治療耐受性良好,相對於未經治療的 ALS 患者的外部組,疾病進展速度減慢高達 58% 。這些結果和其他長期研究結果促使開發商 PharmAust (現在的 Neurizon 治療公司) 計畫啟動 2/3 階段研究,該研究將作為 HEALEY ALS 試驗的一部分。No. 1 – PrimeC prolongs patient survival without complications in trial
No. 1-PrimeC 在試驗中延長患者生存期且無併發症
The most-read story on ALS News Today in 2024 reported that the ALS therapy candidate PrimeC extended complication-free survival and improved quality of life relative to a placebo among patients in a Phase 2b trial. PrimeC contains a fixed-dose combination of two agents that together are expected to block processes believed to drive ALS progression. Top-line trial data showed that the treatment slowed disease progression in patients who adhered to the trial’s established rules. This analysis demonstrated that PrimeC extended complication-free survival — survival without respiratory failure, ALS-related hospitalizations, or advances in disease stage — by 53% compared with a placebo. Treatment also was associated with positive effects on physical and mental aspects of quality of life. Developer NeuroSense has since met with U.S. regulators to discuss plans for a Phase 3 clinical trial, and is in the process of seeking early approval for PrimeC in Canada.
2024 年《今日 ALS 新聞》(ALS News Today) 上閱讀量最多的報導稱,在 2b 期臨床試驗中,ALS 治療候選藥物 PrimeC 延長了患者的無併發症生存期,改善了患者的生活質量。PrimeC 包含兩種藥物的固定劑量組合,這兩種藥物一起被認為可以阻斷驅動 ALS 進展的過程。頂線試驗資料顯示,該療法減緩了遵守試驗既定規則的患者的疾病進展。這項分析表明,與安慰劑相比,PrimeC 延長了無併發症生存期ーー無唿吸衰竭、 ALS 相關住院治療或疾病分期進展的生存期ーー 53% 。治療還與對生活質量的身心方面的積極影響有關。此後,開發商 NeuroSense 與美國監管機構會面,討論第三階段臨床試驗的計畫,目前正在尋求加拿大 PrimeC 的早期批准。
At ALS News Today, we hope our reporting throughout 2024 had a meaningful impact on those affected by ALS. We look forward to serving the ALS community in 2025, and wish all of our readers a very happy new year!
在今日 ALS 新聞,我們希望我們的報告在 2024 年對那些受 ALS 影響的人產生有意義的影響。我們期待著在 2025 年為 ALS 社區服務,並祝願我們所有的讀者新年快樂!
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https://lolface.ddns.net/shaare/6zssIw2020-03-31 19:11
你好,我是龍易生。
今天的文章,針對想要具體瞭解斷食療法是如何對漸凍症產生作用的讀者而寫,根據漸凍症目前公開的醫學資料再結合實際的案例做簡要分析,共分 3 個部分來表述。
1、現代醫學不是唯一的選擇
2、斷食療法對漸凍症有效的可能性
3、如何簡單安全的實施斷食療法
-27 歲小夥被確診為漸凍症,體重 76 公斤;
按照目前的醫學常識,漸凍症作為罕見病之一,平均病程只有大約 3 年,發病後死亡率 100%,幾乎沒有例外,也沒有非常有效的治療方法;
在絕望中開始大量查詢各類文獻資料尋求自救;
大量吃肉,因為有研究表明高熱量飲食可以降低死亡率,持續 2 個月後並無效果,放棄;
嘗試中醫,吃了 3 個月,前期有效,慢慢效果越來越不明顯,放棄;
嘗試斷食,從第 5 天開始精力充沛,堅持了 24 天,體重將至 65 公斤;
因希望能夠長期保持可持續斷食狀態,所以轉向布魯士蔬菜汁療法,持續 7 個月,體重降至 43 公斤;
因體重下降太嚴重,所以轉向布魯士療法加上生食,4 個月後開始找工作上班,體重恢復到 51 公斤。
後續如何並無跟蹤。
好了,案例就是這樣,總體來說恢復效果還是不錯的,狀態也保持的很好。
接下來回歸我要表述的 3 個話題。
到今天為止,我們人類窮盡所有的知識了嗎?
答案是沒有,那就說明今天無論任何的學問,其實都是值得懷疑的,都是需要進步的,都不是絕對的真理。
你今天相信的東西,可能明天就被推翻;你這一秒認可的真理,下一秒就可能變成謠言。
基於這樣的思考方式,才能讓自己保持好奇心和探索欲。
現代醫學是經由科學發展出來的,而科學是經由哲學發展出來的,而哲學是基於人類對這個世界的追問而發展出來的。
無論是什麼學科,本質上都是在試圖用一種語言和語境來解釋世界,數學有數學的解釋邏輯,物理有物理的表達方式。
我一直都提倡不要試圖去相信什麼,而是要自己去求證。
這兩者有什麼差別?相信是念頭,是包含著質疑的念頭,是通過外在的 訊息輸入而建立的臨時信念;但求證卻是經由 訊息的輸入和過濾然後自己去實證,這是沒有任何外在力量能夠替代的,只有你自己。
就像這篇文章,你可千萬別相信我,我只表達我自己,剩下的你自己去求證。
需要說明的是,我沒有任何反對醫學的念想和內在動力,我只是認為科學也好、醫學也罷,都不是真理,起碼目前還不是。
同時我也不鼓吹任何新興的方法,所有一切都需要不斷驗證和求證,請大家理性判斷、謹慎嘗試。
今天的世界幾乎是科學作為普世價值觀的時代,但我們有沒有必要成為科學教的信徒呢?
首先,我們需要先搞清楚斷食療法的基本原理是什麼?
目前斷食療法分為兩種:
第一種是我國道家實證修煉的一種方式,也就是我們常說的辟榖。
第二種才是在世界範圍內比較流行的一種自然療法,也就是我們常說的斷食。
今天我們不談辟榖,畢竟大多數人其實不太相信什麼氣功、靈修、修道之類。
當然,我會在後續文章中為讀者重新整理彙編關於辟榖的文章。
今天我們只談斷食。
斷食的基本原理有 2 個:
1、降低傷害
所有通過消化系統進行食物攝取的行為,都會在促進身體良性成長和儲存能量的同時,帶來對身體的一定量的傷害。
簡單來說,所有食物都含有營養物質,同時也含有有毒物質。
蔬菜也好,肉類也罷都是如此。
儘管營養學告訴我們人類是雜食動物,需要各種食物豐富的搭配才能滿足人體需求,但從生物演化的角度來說,營養學還有諸多無法從食物中探測到的物質盲區。
就像到今天為止仍然有一些元素可能是我們沒有發現的脫離於元素週期表之外的物質,比如人類可以很安全食用的植物從演化學的角度說它們為了防止被吃掉也會生成一些毒素。
當人體開始停止進食或少量進食,又或者儘量進行清潔的進食,實際上產生了兩個作用,一是暫時降低由於進食而產生的毒素和消化、吸收、轉化等帶來的能量消耗,二是給人體一個休息整頓、自我修復的過程。
2、內部清潔
當人體由於進食所導致的傷害有效降低,內在的機制開始發揮作用,人體體內的化學反應開始發生變化,這個過程其實是一個內在能量被重新呼叫的過程。
如果以細胞為單位的話,也就是細胞會因為能量獲取和儲存的問題而被迫被啟動,在斷食過程中不同人因為體質、年齡、性別、身材等等諸多因素產生各式各樣的反應和變化。
簡單的理解就是,人體在這個過程中體內的化學反應被重新建立。
基於這 2 個基本原理,我們來根據西醫對漸凍症的科學解釋重新加以說明一下。
ALS 漸凍症的病因(摘自百度百科)
肌萎縮側索硬化的病因至今不明。20% 的病例可能與遺傳及基因缺陷有關。另外有部分環境因素,如重金屬中毒等,都可能造成運動神經元損害。產生運動神經元損害的原因,目前主要理論有:
神經毒性物質累積,谷氨酸堆積在神經細胞之間,久而久之,造成神經細胞的損傷。
自由基使神經細胞膜受損。
神經生長因子缺乏,使神經細胞無法持續生長、發育。
從斷食角度的有效性分析
1、20% 與遺傳和基因缺陷有關
目前基因科學飛速發展,尤其是基因編輯和基因藥物這兩個領域尤其被寄予厚望,但是從目前的應用層面來說還需要時間。
重點是,人體的基因表達其實不是一成不變的,情緒、飲食、環境等等都會影響基因表達的改變。
而斷食行為會不會直接影響基因表達,目前無法得知,但從眾多的案例中可以看出一定的可能性。
2、神經毒物物質累積
斷食對體內毒素的積累有一個清潔的過程,這一點無需再加以證明,因為無數案例已經擺在那裡。
3、自由基
也屬於自體清理部分,人體都會產生自由基,正常來說人體 24 小時都在不斷清理自由基,只不過有時候由於人體生理功能出現障礙可能會導致自由基的累積,或者在清理自由基過程中誤傷人體正常細胞,由此可能引發很多潛在健康風險。
斷食可以加速和加大自由基清理過程。
4、神經生長因子缺乏
神經生長因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)能促進中樞和外周神經元的生長、發育、分化、成熟,維持神經系統的正常功能,加快神經系統損傷後的修復。NGF 廣泛分佈於機體各組織器官中(包括腦),在靶組織中的濃度與交感神經和感覺神經在靶區分支的密度和 mRNA 的含量有關。(摘自百度百科)
人體合成各種各樣的激素和生長因子其實是一個自動化過程,這個過程由於人體不同的體質和狀態會有所不同,比如當我們把手臂綁起來阻斷血流的時候,人體會應激產生包括一氧化氮在內的多種物質試圖疏通血管,同時還會試圖生成新的血管。
人體這種強大的能力真的令人驚奇。
斷食是否能夠刺激神經生長因子的產生?目前沒有明確的科學證據來表明,但是根據美國國家衰老研究所的小鼠實驗結果,斷食可以很明顯的延緩老年痴呆的發生時間,這應該算是一個有力證據。
綜上所述,合理安全的斷食行為,在一定程度上能夠降低人體的負擔,讓身體的潔淨程度和內部化學反應都相對保持通暢狀態,在此過程中所能夠產生的健康效應雖然無法全部清晰界定和表達,但總體來說是可靠的、有效的。
好了,今天的案例分析到這裡就寫完了。
如果你有任何關於斷食療法的觀點和問題,歡迎留言,共同交流。
也歡迎關注我後續的文章。感謝!
免責聲明:
本號所載內容只是基於研究和知識的共享,並不是專業診斷和治療的意見。
我們鼓勵您根據自己的判斷和研究,並與合格的醫療保健專業人士合作,來制定您自己的醫療保健決策。
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https://lolface.ddns.net/shaare/F_0afg用自然療法做劍,對抗死神!一位漸凍症人的痊癒之路
布魯士自然療法倡導者 堅信大自然法則是健康新契機
11 人讚同了該文章
發佈於 2022-11-15 15:53・IP 屬地上海
聲明:文章轉載於一位漸凍症人的自述,從甲田光雄開始瞭解輕斷食,11 年 12 月開始進行清水斷食,後繼續使用布魯士根莖汁進行布魯士自然療法,堅持三年輕斷食,將病情也永久的留在了 11 年的 11 月份水平,雖然之前死去的神經無法恢復,但也因為斷食療法根除了 ALS 病因,從而使疾病停止了進展。
當今西醫對疾病的稱呼,有很多新名詞。但無論如何繁瑣,總能在中國古醫籍裡找到恰當的對治方案,甚至特效方藥,漸凍症即是其一例。
漸凍症,西醫學名叫 “肌萎縮側索硬化症”(Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis),屬於運動神經元疾病 (Motor Neuron Disease)。
漸凍症的特點:以肌肉逐漸萎縮和無力為特徵,身體如同被逐漸凍住一樣,俗稱 “漸凍人”。
從西醫角度來看,運動神經元控制著使人能夠運動、說話、吞嚥和呼吸的肌肉的活動,因此腦和脊髓中的運動神經細胞 (神經元) 的進行性退化會導致肌肉逐漸萎縮退化。
臨床表現:一開始四肢肌肉逐漸無力以至癱瘓,到說話不利索,吞嚥和呼吸功能逐漸減退,全身動彈不得,最終呼吸衰竭而死亡。
因漸凍人的感覺神經未受侵犯,所以不影響智力、記憶或感覺。這應該就是那個被禁錮在輪椅上長達 40 年之久的著名漸凍人霍金先生仍然可以為人類作出突出貢獻的原因。
漸凍症是一個極為冷僻的病名,最新資料顯示中國約有 6 萬患者,大部分發病從手部開始。
漸凍症就是中醫的喑痱證
漸凍症就是中醫的喑痱證,但只是長於救死扶傷的西醫至今仍對其既不瞭解發病原因,也無法解釋發病機理,並公開宣稱無藥可醫。
雖然無藥可醫,某醫師協會仍出於救人之切而決定 “為全國 500 名符合低保的困難患者提供價值 6000 多萬元的藥物,讓他們 3 年內免費用藥”。
漸凍症真是絕症嗎?
如果不數典忘祖,回答應該是 “不一定”。
在中醫四大經典之一的《黃帝內經》很早就提到一句話:“言不可治者,未得其術也!” 並且,正好也講到這個病。
《黃帝內經》“素問・脈解” 篇明確定義為 “喑痱” 之病證名:“內奪而厥,則為喑痱,此腎虛也。”
“靈樞・熱病” 篇說痱之為病:“身無痛者,四肢不收。智亂不甚,其言微知,可治;甚則不能言,不可治也。病先起於陽,後入於陰。”
北宋《聖濟總錄》明言喑痱之狀:“舌喑不能言,足廢不能用。” 喑者,瘖也,失音,說不出話;痱者,腓廢也,小腿肚痿軟。到金代,醫家劉完素對這個病的研究已經達到確定專病專方了。
其撰於 1172 年的著作《黃帝素問宣明論方》在卷二 “諸證門・喑痱證 主腎虛” 即如此刊載:“內奪而厥,舌喑不能言,二足廢不為用,腎脈虛弱,其氣厥不至,舌不仁。《經》雲‘喑痱’,足不履用,音聲不出者,地黃飲子主之。”
方解:本方中石斛、二冬、二地養陰潤燥,生津止渴;人參、黃芪、炙甘草補益元氣;枇杷葉清肺胃之熱,澤瀉、枳殼疏導兩腑,使上僭之熱下洩。配伍成方,具有益氣養陰,潤燥生津之功,適用於消渴而見有氣陰兩虛之證者。
地黃飲子作為 “滋腎陰,溫腎陽,化痰開竅” 對治喑痱的專病專方,已收載於當今中醫藥高等院校歷來各版《方劑學》教材陰陽並補劑,遺憾的是未能引起教者和學者的足夠重視,以致院校出身的中醫從業者整體對西醫束手無策的漸凍症也同樣茫茫然不知所措。
令人扼腕的是,民間有極少許讀書仔細、研究有素並且曾出手治癒過類似疾病的師承或自學出身的中醫人僅出於 “救人做善事” 目的而躍躍欲試,卻又由於某些破不了的體制限制、個別醫生來自教育背景的一貫偏見,以及患者家人自身的沒有定見,而難有接觸漸凍人的機會。待病家徹底醒悟過來終於不再猶疑而意見統一,卻已是漸凍人被切了氣管,“病員” 再成了損傷性 “傷員”,大勢已去,讓人感嘆!可憐可悲哉!!
一切疾病的產生都不可能無緣無故,漸凍症當然並不例外。
實際上,如果想得到有效的治療,借出病因是關鍵,有些病因是內因,有些病因是外因。
有些病不是治不好,而是一直有致病的病因存在。
“素問・痿論篇” 云:“肺主身之皮毛,心主身之血脈,肝主身之筋膜,脾主身之肌肉,腎主身之骨髓。故肺熱葉焦,則皮毛虛弱急薄,著則生痿躄也;心氣熱,則下脈厥而上,上則下脈虛,虛則生脈痿,樞折挈脛縱而不任地也;肝氣熱,則膽洩口苦,筋膜干,筋膜干則筋急而攣,發為筋痿;脾氣熱,則胃干而渴,肌肉不仁,發為肉痿;腎氣熱,則腰脊不舉,骨枯而髓減,發為骨痿。”
外損內耗,陰陽兩虛,結果發為喑痱,成為漸凍人。單一因風寒濕邪外侵而損陽,或單一的房事、手淫而耗陰,都不容易造成漸凍症,但兩者同時或前後相續,則是後果極為嚴重的。
不恰當的房事或手淫對人體的影響,極端者如敦煌石窟壁畫記載:“帝初繼位,忙於朝政,嬪妃新近,日夜兼碌,隨遇疾,臉垂覆目,四肢少力,夜不能寐,氣促不行,終日不食。”《史記・扁鵲倉公列傳》則記載虢國太子因半夜三更雞叫時節任性房事,遭受風寒侵襲而暴發 “屍厥”:“太子病血氣不時,交錯(媾)而不得洩,暴發於外,則為中害(寒)。精神不能止邪氣,邪氣畜積而不得洩,是以陽緩而陰急,故暴蹷而死。”“其死何如時?” 曰 “雞鳴至今。” 教訓是深刻的。
有些文化虛無主義者認為(包括一些現代西醫學營養學人士),房事或手淫流失的津液或津質(精液精子、卵液卵子)不過就是幾毫升碳水化合物而已,還說用完了會再產生,有什麼值得大驚小怪的!是的,只從成分上,可能生殖系統陰竅流出來的津液或津質跟一般的碳水化合物沒什麼兩樣,但你從人體外把碳水化合物合成一個能生長成胎兒的受精卵試試??
依照西醫的《生理學》理論看起來,精子分泌於睾丸,卵子分泌於卵巢,殊不知其源頭卻都在脊髓,甚至女性的白帶也以脊髓為源頭。脊髓飽滿,則椎骨堅強柔韌,腰椎、胸椎、頸椎和全身骨骼即能發揮其支撐系統的作用。
不然,則往往出現腰椎滑脫、胸椎錯位、頸椎增生、四肢痿軟等疾病。支撐系統異常了,內在臟器哪能安好呢?此外,脊髓跟腦髓相連,脊髓空了,勢必腦髓下流,腦袋空空如也,導致精力不集中,記憶力迅速下降、學生則成績很快下滑,嚴重者必定精神恍惚、抑鬱自卑、性格孤僻,人生從此灰暗。這就是中國文化裡邊不主張縱慾的原因。
弟子王老師得知老師正在寫作這篇科普文字,發微信云:“那什麼漸凍症,在《本草綱目》裡有病例,在《奇症匯》裡有病例,且不止一例。大凡那些奇奇怪怪的病症,都是‘其中必有蹊蹺’,治到一定的程度,若命不該絕,醫生一定會找患者的‘鬼哭穴’下一點功夫。關於‘鬼哭穴’,藥王孫思邈的‘鬼門十三針’講得很詳細;鮑相鰲的《驗方新編》也特意講了這個問題。可惜!一切唯科學之馬首是瞻的無神論者!”
但願國民醒來!!!
附
3、附:金・劉完素 “地黃飲子”:
熟干地黃、巴戟去心、山茱萸、石斛、肉蓯蓉浸酒,焙、附子炮、五味子、官桂、白茯苓、麥門冬去心、菖蒲、遠志去心,等分。為末,每服三錢,水一盞半,生薑 5 片、棗 1 枚、薄荷 5-7 片,同煎至八分,不計時候。功用:滋腎陰,補腎陽,開竅化痰。 主治:瘖痱證,症見舌體強硬不能言語,筋骨軟弱不能行走,病人口乾但不思飲,足冷面赤,舌苔黃膩,脈象沉、細、弱。方解:本證病因是腎中陰陽俱虛,虛火夾痰濁上犯,阻塞竅道。本方中熟地、山萸肉滋補腎陰;肉蓯蓉、巴戟溫補腎陽;熟附子、肉桂補腎陽且吸納浮陽;麥冬、石斛、五味子滋陰斂液;石菖蒲、遠志、茯苓交通心腎,開竅化痰;大棗、生薑、薄荷調和營衛。
最後別忘了,危難關頭,中醫能夠救你一命!!!
擴展閱讀:
這是我的一個兄弟 —— 自述 ALS(漸凍症)患病痊癒全過程
最初出現症狀是 2010 年 10 月,我經常出現全身肌肉跳動,膝蓋刺痛,拇指不自主的抖動,之後發現拇指大魚際肌肉萎縮,因為我有一定的醫學知識,再經過症狀對比,我懷疑自己患上的是 ALS(我之前就知道這個病的症狀,因為它是世界五大絕症之首,病程只有 3 年,發病後死亡率 100%,沒有例外,也沒有治療方法)。我告訴了我的母親,她說 “不會的,你別老自己查網瞎猜!” 然而我卻依然堅信患上了這個病,雖然知道肌電圖檢查十分痛苦,但是我仍然決定去檢查,那是 11 年 1 月 16 日晚上做的決定,因為我希望能在春節之前得到結果,然後是漫長的確診之路,首先到了北京積水潭醫院,我主動要求做肌電圖檢查,因為積水潭醫院的肌電圖室設立了幾十年,做的比較多水平也比較好,然後是預約,預約到三天後檢查,忐忑不安的度過三天後。
在禮拜三的早上,希望能快點做上肌電圖(害怕沒有位置,因為一般醫院只有一台肌電圖檢查儀),所以我很早就到了醫院的肌電圖室門口,由於還沒開門,我在門口徘徊,看著 訊息板上的科普資料《什麼是神經源性損害》,在文章的最後寫道:廣泛性神經源損害標誌著運動神經元病。
此時,終於有醫生來開門了,我的擔心是多餘的,因為積水潭醫院有 6 台肌電圖檢查儀器,可以同時檢查 6 名患者,然後找到了肌電圖室的金主任,把肌電圖預約單交給她。
她說:“小夥子,什麼問題?我看你這麼年輕不像有病。”
我說我懷疑自己患上了 ALS,因為全身肌肉跳動,大拇指不自主抖動,大魚際也有萎縮。
然後她仔細的看了我的手,說 “看不出太明顯的萎縮啊”,因為那天屋裡光線十分刺眼,所以確實看不清萎縮的地方。
她說:“不會有事的,你不可能有神經源性損害。看到那個小夥了嗎?” 她手指著一名正在做肌電圖的年輕人。說 “他就是特意從內蒙古開車過來檢查的,也是為了排除這個病,現在排除了,為了排除連舌肌都給他做了,完全正常”,然後那名小夥子走到了主任身旁準備拿肌電圖報告。
金主任對他說:“小夥子,這下放心了吧,一切正常” 他說:“嗯,這下我踏實了,謝謝主任”。然後金主任為他的肌電圖做了結論 “未見異常。” 接下來就是我了,金主任把一名醫生叫到身旁,說 “你去給他做一下肌電圖,做左邊 10 個段的”,然後對我說:“做完就可以排除了,放心你絕對不會是!”
然後就是痛苦的檢測,肌電圖的檢查是在肌肉裡扎進一根針(就像縫衣服的針差不多),扎進去以後還要使勁,醫生說:拇指往外使勁,用力。我照著做,醫生來拿著針在肌肉裡攪動(真的是攪動),就像縫衣服一樣在肉裡穿來穿去,真是非常的疼,然後拔針,接著又把針扎進脖子上的一塊肌肉裡,說 “脖子用力往左側轉”,然後醫生接著剛才的操作,然後還扎進了胳膊,就這樣一連檢查了 5 塊肌肉,就在這個時候,醫生突然停止了檢查,問道 “小夥子,你多少歲了?” 此時我心裡咯噔一下彷彿已經知道結果了。
我回答:“27”
醫生接著問 “結婚了嗎?”
我回答 “沒結婚”
醫生接著問 “從事什麼職業?”
我回答 “程式設計師”
醫生接著問 “家裡還有兄弟姐妹嗎?”
我回答 “沒有”,此時我已按耐不住哭了起來,淚水浸濕了整個枕頭。(因為 ALS 平均生存期只有 3 年,所以醫生這麼問是想知道我死後有沒有人照顧我的父母。)
醫生叫道 “金主任,過來一下。”
然後金主任來到了肌電圖室,醫生問道 “金主任你看這塊是嗎?”(因為這個病確診非同小可,所以醫生不敢輕易下結論)
金主任在仔細查看了螢幕上的波形和資料後說 “嗯,這塊是,檢查完了嗎?” 醫生答道 “還沒有”。
金主任:“繼續檢查”,然後又檢查了一塊肌肉,醫生問 “這塊是嗎?” 金主任答道 “是”,然後又檢查了一塊 “這塊呢?” 金主任答道 “這塊也是” ,醫生又接連檢查了三塊,金主任都說 “是”,然後金主任說 “給他檢查一下舌肌,再確認一下”,然後醫生說 “這有點疼,你忍著點”,我說 “嗯”,然後針扎進了舌頭裡面,不僅如此,針扎進去以後,舌頭肌肉還必須繃直,才能檢查,醫生說:“請把舌頭繃直。”
把扎進針的舌頭繃直,那是根本無法忍受的痛,我也被疼的忍不住的哭了。然後醫生說:“檢查完了,可以起來了”,我忍不住哭了起來,和我母親說:“媽,確定了,就是這個病。” 我媽也哭成了淚人。
然後到主任室找到了金主任,我問道 “你不是說不是嗎?為什麼會這樣?”
金主任沉默了一會兒,說 “我在肌電圖室工作已有 30 多年了,你這個病確實比較罕見,發病率是十萬分之一,但你也不要太著急,目前的結果顯示還在早期。”
我說:“早期不也就能活三年嗎?這個病平均病程是三年。”
金主任說:“如果保持的好三年以上是沒有問題的,霍金不就是例子嗎?”
這時,我才知道金主任叫金亞娣,是國內著名肌電圖醫生,發表過多篇肌電圖論文,她在結果上寫道 “左上肢肌,胸鎖乳突肌,舌肌,雙手肌神經源性損害”,當時檢查的 12 塊肌肉已經沒有一塊是正常的了。
我拿著檢查結果,和母親走出了醫院,漫無目的的在大街上走著。我說:“怎麼辦啊。” 我母親哭著沒說話。她也沒有辦法。畢竟面對著世界五大絕症之首,她又能有什麼辦法呢。
由於身上扎滿了針孔,流著血,依然非常疼痛,我說:“全身疼,回家吧。”
然後回到了家,心裡平靜了很多,逐漸接受了這個事實。我的家人也都知道了這個結果。我的父親也知道了結果,他說:“怎麼會?我們家從來沒有過這樣的遺傳。” 我說這個不是遺傳,是散發性的。然後家人說再去檢查一次吧。
三天後,我到了北京大學第三醫院,由於掛不上院長的號,隨便掛了個專家號,張燕醫生接待了我,張醫生說:“小夥子,你躺這裡,我先給你檢查一下。” 然後搖搖我的手,敲敲我的腿。還用牙籤輕輕劃了我的腳心,然後說道 “四肢腱反射亢進,肌張力增高,錐體束征陽性,做個肌電圖確診一下吧,我給你做 5 個段,這樣就能夠確診這個病了,” 然後給我開了肌電圖檢查申請單。
就這樣我預約了北大第三醫院的肌電圖,這次等待的時間更長,足足等了兩週才輪到我檢查。期間又做了其它檢查(甲亢檢查,血液檢查,脊椎檢查,腦核磁共振)結果顯示一切正常,排除了其它的疾病的可能。
結果並不出意外,得到了相同的結論:
註解:
正銳波:很多失神經支配的肌纖維同步放電時,可產生波形呈正相的正銳波,其波形呈 V 型。多見於失神經變性的晚期。
纖顫電位:失去神經支配的肌肉在受到刺激電極插入後,處於肌靜息時出現的短時限、低電壓電位,為神經源性損害表現。
單純混合相:肌肉用最大力收縮出現的募集反應。提示有運動單位的丟失,為神經源性損害的表現之一。
面對束手無策的西醫,我已經不想再去醫院了,西醫甚至藥都不給開,確診了就可以回家了,因為唯一的治療藥物是力如太,連續服用 18 個月能延長壽命 3 個月,而一個月要 5000 元的藥費,不僅如此還存在諸多副作用,這樣的治療無非是毫無意義的。
然後我開始尋找治療 ALS 的方法,這時候身體出現了蟻行感,眼眶也跳動,我在北大第三醫院論壇上發了 文章問:這是我當時發的 文章:http://www.chinaals.com/bbs/read.php?tid=10216
然後在生物谷網站找到一項初步研究,研究認為高熱量飲食可降低 ALS 患者的死亡率,而另一篇研究資料則顯示紅肉中含有一種氨基酸能延長 ALS 實驗鼠生存期,尤其是牛肉中這種物質最多。在高熱量飲食的同時還要大量吃肉。
事不宜遲,我告訴我母親說:“媽,我上網查了,吃肉能延長生存期”,從那以後我母親每天都給我買 1 斤牛肉,作為中午和晚上清蒸牛肉站著醬油吃,還大量吃米飯吃菜,這樣的飲食持續了兩個月,在這兩個月也是我病情發展最快的時候,雙手五根手指經常會同時不受控制的往手心握(那種場面很是嚇人)。
在醫學上叫” 失神經自發電位 “,是由於控制手部肌肉的脊髓運動神經元已死亡,無法控制這塊肌肉,這塊肌肉失去了神經支配就自己亂動了。脖子也開始變的無力,上網久了需要用手撐著頭才能堅持。全身肌肉都在跳動,我最怕的是脖子跳和胸部跳動,因為那意味著呼吸和吞嚥逐漸失去了神經控制(如果失去自主呼吸能力就要氣切,失去吞嚥功能就要胃造廔),可是這兩個地方的肌肉卻跳得最厲害,我就像一隻待宰的羔羊,焦急萬分卻無能為力,只能眼睜睜看著疾病發展。
西醫治療無望,我開始轉求中醫治療,在查閱了大量中醫論文之後, 找到一種叫 ” 地黃飲子湯 “的中藥方,因為關於此藥方治療 ALS 的文獻網上最多。認為它能明顯延長 ALS 生存期。我開始吃這種中藥,吃了三個月,最初喝藥的時候,肌肉不跳了,感覺很好,但隨後病情繼續發展,肌肉跳動,繼續吃下去已經沒有效果了,就放棄了中醫治療,讓我母親別再拿藥了,可我母親還是買,她說:“不治療不行啊,你繼續吃看看吧,” 我說:“沒用!別去買了,你傻啊!” 因為病情的發展使我變得狂躁不安,脾氣也非常惡劣。
神經元死一個少一個,死去的運動神經元是無法再生的,找到一種有效治療方法我迫在眉睫的事。
我相信世上肯定存在 ALS 治療方法,只是還沒被發現。就這樣我每天都上網尋找資料並學習,在 11 年 11 月 27 日中午,在上網 搜尋過程中,“斷食療法” 四個字頭一次映入我的眼簾,什麼?不吃東西能治病?作者是大阪醫院的一名醫生,他根據臨床觀察斷食療法的療效後認定:“斷食療法,能很輕易地治療現代醫學所無法醫治的疾病,但卻無法普及。因為這種療法無法賺錢。且可能會打破醫師的飯碗,縱然效果很好也乏人研究、應用,自然難以普及”。
看完文章後,我想:“如果作者寫這篇文章為了欺騙我,那他這樣做有什麼動機?對他又有什麼樣的好處?”
答案是沒有利益,因為斷食不需要去買藥也不需要去買裝置。
來自日本的資料我格外信任,因為日本科技是世界是數一數二的,而日本神經內科更是世界第一,包括現代醫學最有希望的 ALS 治療法也是日本的 IPS 細胞治療法,山中伸彌就是因為創造了 IPS 細胞獲得了去年的諾貝爾醫學獎。
我是一個嚴謹的善於研究並能獨立思考去尋找答案的人,從不貿然去否定一件事,也不貿然肯定一件事,
我認為未經過廣泛深入的研究,即認定一件事是不可能存在的現象,是一種無知且不科學的態度。
我找到了日本甲田光雄博士的書籍進行學習《現代醫學的弊端》《斷食療法 50 年的見證》《百病生菜治療法》等,經過分析,我認為是其中資料是可信的,其理論也有據可依,(其它關於斷食治病的書籍多是談空說幻,書裡充斥著什麼 “辟榖” 啊,“氣” 啊,“宇宙能量” 啊什麼的,我認為缺乏科學依據所以不予採信)。
甲田光雄是西醫博士,他從小體弱多病,在讀書時,他患上了多種慢性疾病,慢性肝炎,慢性胰腺炎,膽囊炎,慢性腸胃炎,他學醫的初衷是為了治好他自己的病,結果當他讀完醫學博士以後,他發現一個真相:現代醫學根本無法根治他的病!他轉而研究自然醫學,並取得了巨大成就,不僅在短期內醫治好了自身多種疾病。還被日本患者譽為 “日本最後可信的醫師”,是日本綜合醫學會會長,大阪大學醫學教授。
他在大阪開了家斷食醫院,看病只收取成本費,遇到經濟困難的患者則減免醫療費,在醫院的後面,是他親手種植的兩畝有機蔬菜,他每天都去種菜澆水,蔬菜成熟了,他親自採摘,幾十年如一日,他生活極為儉樸,一個破舊不堪的挎包整整背了 20 年。他以身作則每天僅僅攝入 700 卡路里熱量,整整持續了 50 年。(以上 訊息是我Google 搜尋查到經由他治療的日本患者 部落格裡寫的,不是他在書裡寫的)如此諸多種種,他的人格令我欽佩不已。
甲田光雄嚴謹的科學精神同樣令我信服:
在經濟高度成長時期,日本農村大量使用六氯化苯(BHC)農藥作為剎蟲劑。
當時日本醫學界普遍認為 BHC 一旦進入人體就會在沉澱在脂肪中,甲田博士想,通過絕食能不能將 BHC 排泄出去呢?1973 年,甲田博士與神戶大學醫學部共同調查的結果確認,如果絕食,在尿液中能排泄出大量的 BHC。證明了斷食可以排出體內毒素。顛覆了當時醫學界的普遍認識。這種嚴謹的科學精神不得不令我信服。
學習斷食療法三天後,12 月 1 日,我開始正式斷食(此前三天我每天吃清水煮胡蘿蔔),斷食第一天我用玩遊戲來轉移注意力,斷食也沒有什麼反應,到了第二天,我感到非常飢餓,疲憊,頭暈,不得不臥床休息,第三天連上廁所的勁都沒有了,扶著牆勉勉強強能上廁所,平時都處於昏迷狀態,每次都是被尿憋醒不得不起來上廁所,一直到了第五天的晚上,我發生了嚴重高燒,身體忽冷忽熱,衰竭到了極點,意識在逐漸喪失,我感覺快過去了,我想,就這樣走吧,在昏迷中死去比 ALS 後期的氣管切開和胃造廔活著要好,因為那更令我感到恐怖。想著想著就這樣不知不覺睡了過去......
再睜開眼,已經是早上 7 點多了,我感到身體變的輕盈且精力無比,一躍而起,那是我有生以來都從來沒有過的精力和體力,正所謂置死地而後生。
起來上了個廁所,然後馬上打開電腦上網學習自然療法,我媽問我:你怎麼能起來了?我說我好了。她問:你現在有力氣嗎?我說我現在力大無比!(當時真的感到力大無比,用不完的力氣),我說,不信來扳手腕,你用兩個手肯定也扳不贏我的,她不信,然後她兩隻手用盡全力也扳不過我一隻手。
然後我每天都精力充沛到了極點, 由於精力太好晚上 11 點也不困,但我還是按時睡覺,睡到凌晨三點自然醒,每天 4 個小時,我精力充沛,3 點起來沒事做,上網接著學習斷食療法,就這樣一直斷食到了 12 月 24 日,斷食整整 24 天,第 24 天我依然精力體力十足,當天我還去爬了山。斷食 24 天,體重從斷食前的 76 公斤降到了 65 公斤。
那為什麼停止清水斷食呢?因為我知道,清水斷食是不能長久的,必須找到一種能長久可持續進行的斷食方法,就這樣我找到了布魯士蔬菜汁:
自然派醫學家魯道夫・布魯士 (Rudolf Breuss),奧地利人,一生致力於自然療法,以獨創的生蔬菜汁斷食法治癒了 40000 多位癌症及不治症的病人。他聲稱若非醫療界之抵制,他可能已治療百萬人。他的治療法已得到許多歐洲自然療法醫師之背書與認同。他是德國與奧地利的一位草藥師。在德國設立 Breuss Fasting Clinic(布魯士斷食診所),以生蔬菜汁斷食法治療癌症、白血症及其他許多慢性疾病。
布魯士因堅信大自然的律法才能發現這種對癌症有效的療法,他的單純度使他在現代療法的複雜性與機械公式化之間找到有利的契機。布魯士一輩子的愛心、耕耘及研究,融合在紅色的有機根莖蔬菜中。布魯士有機根莖生蔬菜汁其配方比例完美,栽種於最適合的環境、氣候與土壤中,五種不同根莖蔬菜各自發揮不功效,並相互作用,達到相乘的效果。
於 1978 年將其配方授權給瑞士 Biotta 有機農莊製造。布魯士有機根莖蔬菜汁配方:
甜菜根汁 55%,胡蘿蔔汁 20%,西芹根汁 20%,馬鈴薯汁 3%,黑葡萄汁 2%,乳酸酌量。
布魯士在 81 歲的時候曾被告到法院,告他詐欺,告他為密醫。但是他的辯護律師團舉證 (高達 24000 件病人來信感謝的見證),病人藉布魯士以及他單純的療法得以康復,甚至提及若非布魯士及其療法的幫助,他們早已死亡之強力見證而勝訴。
他一生堅守此一領域,一九九一年以九十二歲高壽謝世。目前,歐美地區的斷食診所,大多採用魯道夫生蔬菜汁進行減食或斷食。
其它三種材料(芹菜、土豆、胡蘿蔔)材料都能買到,唯獨沒有甜菜根,然後,我上網買了甜菜和原汁機(必須用原汁機,榨汁機高速旋轉的刀片會使植物生化素發生氧化從而降低療效),就這樣我開始了蔬菜汁斷食,我每天早上 3 點自然醒,4 點起來用臭氧機消毒蔬菜(因為必須保證生菜的安全,所以我使用臭氧機殺滅細菌和病毒並清除部分農藥),榨汁,每天早上只喝一杯 500 毫升的布魯士蔬菜汁,其它時間不吃任何食物,只能喝白水。我的身體已經開始逐漸習慣了這樣的飲食,即使這樣吃,我每天也沒有任何飢餓感。
12 年 1 月份,我出現了口角炎(甲田光雄在他的書裡提到過,他和妻子進行蔬菜汁斷食雙雙患上了口角炎,再次證明他資料的可信且毫無保留)。
2 月份,我全身起了大個紅包(也就是甲田光雄書裡提到斷食會起的斷食疹),前胸,後背,臉上,都是大大的紅包,證明甲田光雄所言真實不虛。兩週後,斷食疹開始逐漸消退。
3 月份,斷食疹和口角炎徹底消失了,我突然發現常年以來,身體的多種慢性疾病全部一掃而空,首先,數年來一直存在的慢性咽炎不見了,之前嗓子一直有痰,吐痰已經成為了我的習慣性動作,慢性腸胃炎,慢性結膜炎,慢性蕁麻疹都消失的無影無蹤 了,自從 08 年患上蕁麻疹後,我前胸後背都是一片包,斷食疹消失後,我發現我的前胸後背和臉上竟然一個包都沒有了。之前我的口臭和腳臭,就連我自己都受不了,現在完全沒有半點味道。甲田光雄也說過斷食疹是疾病痊癒的先兆。
到了 5 月份左右,我的體重降到了 51 公斤,這使我重新有了飢餓感,每天下午 4 點會準時餓一次,飢餓感持續 15 分鐘就自然消失了。雖說身體上已經完全沒有不適的症狀和感覺了,但我變得非常饞,想吃垃圾食品,我每天下午到超市的熟食櫃檯,拿著肘子肉,鹽焗雞肉和烤鴨肉,拿著聞,然後放下,回家。每天如此,就這樣持續了一個月。
隨著斷食的繼續,每天下午飢餓感的時間逐漸延長,到 6 月份的時候,下午會餓上 1 個小時飢餓感才消除,就這樣,直至 8 月 1 日,此時我已經進行了 7 個月布魯士蔬菜汁斷食了,體重降低到了 43 公斤,下午依然是準時餓一次,但是飢餓感已經不會隨時間而消除了,而是持續不斷,最後三天每天都是餓到口吐白沫,所以,我不得不中止斷食,每天下午在餓的受不了的時候,吃 1-2 個蘋果。
就這樣,我開始了生食,早上依然喝一杯 500 毫升布魯士蔬菜汁,中午和下午餓了,就吃蘋果,體重恢復到了 49 公斤(根據我自己的體驗,我的體重只要不低於 49 就不會影響我的體力,低於 49 就會影響,因為那時候,肌肉組織也會身體被消融分解當做熱量利用)。
因為我的精力和體力實在是太好了,每天晚上 11 點睡覺,睡到凌晨 3 點自然醒,熬到 5 點,我就出去散步,看看風景,呼吸一下新鮮空氣,(因為 3 點出去實在太早),到了 6 點,我就去超市趕早市,但是我去的太早了,超市 7 點開早市,我 6 點就在門口等,沒開門,我就去旁邊走走消磨時間,等快到 7 點了,我去超市買要榨汁的芹菜,胡蘿蔔和土豆,再買一些最便宜的水果,買 3 塊一斤的蘋果和橙子,1 塊 5 一斤的香蕉,不挑食,只要沒壞,什麼便宜買什麼,每天餓了就吃,不餓就不吃,直到現在我也是這樣。
到了 12 年 12 月份,找了份工作,我每天早上依然是 5 點起床洗菜榨汁,當然我會多洗上 2 個蘋果,用保鮮袋裝包好,帶去公司中午吃。這樣的生活使我充滿活力。
今年 4 月份,我小姨患上了血小板減少症,醫生要她立刻住院,使用激素療法控制病情, 我媽告訴她斷食療法能治癒,她使用蔬菜汁開始斷食,在斷食過程中,她全身出血點和板塊逐漸減少,電話向我媽媽匯報。一直斷食了兩週,出血點和血斑全部消失,血小板恢復正常。
當然生食無一例外都會遇到社交問題,每次公司請客吃飯,我就要上一根黃瓜和番茄,各吃各的,在實行生食之初我就已經預見到會遇到這些問題了,我 5 年春節沒回老家,因為我爺爺看到我不吃他做的菜會很不高興,而老家春節就是請客吃飯,飯局一個接一個。
同事請我吃飯我不吃。甚至有一次同事已經幫我點好了菜,我還是不吃,他詫異的眼光看著我,一個人吃了 2 份菜。
因為我早已決定,一切影響我生食的因素,我都可以排除。正所謂兩利相權取其重,為了生食,我在所不惜。因為當我患上絕症的時候,沒有人能替我去死,沒有人也沒有神佛能夠救我,而生食是我的救命恩人。
我從 12 年 8 月份堅持生食到現在(從那之後我沒有再斷食),加上之前斷食的時間,已達三年之久了,我的病情也永久的留在了 11 年的 11 月份水平,之前萎縮的地方比如大魚際等,現在還是萎縮的,因為斷食療法根除了 ALS 病因,從而使疾病停止了進展,但之前死去的運動神經元是無法再生的。
現在體重 51 公斤,體力比我 76 公斤的時候要強至少要強上兩倍。我去買水果都是一次買 20 多斤的,有時甚至一次買 30 斤,一次背回來,也不覺得累。
感謝甲田光雄博士的自然療法,那是健康的真理,但真理卻永遠只能掌握在少數人的手中,” 正常 “人是不會相信的,發這篇文章的目的也不是打算讓誰信,只是為了紀念那離我遠去的疾病,因為時至今日我發現自己已經開始逐漸淡忘這一段生病的記憶了,很多細節記不清了, 在我徹底忘掉它之前,記錄下這段對我影響重大的人生歷程 - 僅此而已。
發佈於 2022-11-15 15:53・IP 屬地上海
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